Energy and Power
The Structure of Electric Power Systems: Energy Generation, Distribution and Transmission
From a general perspective, an electric power system is usually understood as a very large network that links power plants (large or small) to loads, by means of an electric grid that may span a whole continent, such as Europe… Read more
Oct 09, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
Seven design diagrams that every HV substation engineer MUST understand
A substation engineer should have a good understanding of the electrical equipment and layout of HV power substation. It’s also important to understand relationship between protection and the other equipment in the substations and the distribution system. Beside this, it’s… Read more
Oct 04, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Rules for power distribution in LV switchgear and protection of branch / distributed lines
In designing a power distribution concept, encompassing the sizing of systems and devices, it is essential to align the requirements and feasibility with both the end user and the manufacturer. The appropriate sizing of low-voltage switchgear necessitates an understanding of… Read more
Sep 20, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
The essentials of electric shock protection, earthing systems and RCDs
Protection of persons and livestock against electric shock is a fundamental principle in the design of electrical installations in accordance with BS 7671: Requirements for Electrical Installations, commonly known as The IEE Wiring Regulations. Use of the correct earthing system… Read more
Aug 21, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
5 special applications of residual current devices (RCDs)
Normally residual current devices (RCDs) are used for protection against direct and indirect contacts. An RCD can detect low leakage currents that could flow through the body of a person. It thus provides additional protection if the normal protection means… Read more
Aug 16, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
The essentials of MV/HV magnetic voltage transformers
Magnetic voltage transformers are used to provide a secondary signal that is proportional to the actual prevailing primary value. These signals are used to supply measuring instruments, meters, relays and other similar apparatuses. The primary values measured are system currents… Read more
Aug 14, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Ten equipment you MUST recognize in every distribution substation
Distribution substation is a substation from which electric supply is distributed to the different users. In a substation there are numbers of incoming and outgoing circuits each having its isolator, circuit breaker, transformers etc. connected to bus-bar system. These equipment… Read more
Aug 11, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
The most common methods of measuring the resistance of an earth electrode
When an earth electrode system has been designed and installed, it is usually necessary to measure and confirm the earth resistance between the electrode and “true Earth”. The most commonly used method of measuring the earth resistance of an earth… Read more
Aug 09, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
How to install a manual transfer switch for a backup system in 16 steps
A manual transfer switch is installed next to the main service panel to override the normal electrical service with power from a backup generator during a power outage. Manual transfer switches require an operator to change the power source, while… Read more
Aug 02, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
20 Simple Questions to Check Your Overcurrent Protection Knowledge
As you already know, reliable overcurrent protective devices, such as fuses and circuit breakers, prevent or minimize costly damage to transformers, conductors, motors, equipment, and the other many components and loads that make up a complete electrical system. As an… Read more
Jul 31, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Unbalance protection of grounded & ungrounded wye shunt capacitor banks
The protection of shunt capacitor banks against internal faults involves several protective devices in a coordinated scheme. Typically, the protective elements found in a shunt capacitor banks (SCB) for internal faults are: individual fuses (not discussed here), unbalance protection to… Read more
Jul 26, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
What does bonding (bonded) mean and what does NEC article 250 say about it?
The National Electrical Code (NEC) covers grounding and bonding in several articles, but the primary coverage is in Article 250. Typical commercial electrical systems are grounded systems. Within the system, some things are grounded… some things are bonded. The terms… Read more
Jul 21, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Medium Voltage
The basics of capacitor banks protection
As you already know, capacitor banks are normally used in medium voltage networks to generate reactive power to industries etc. Capacitor banks are, almost always, equipped with a series reactors to limit the inrush current. Harmonic filters, for thyristor controlled… Read more
Jul 07, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Practice for good grounding and bonding a home wiring system
All home electrical systems must be bonded and grounded according to code standards. This entails two tasks: First, the metal water and gas pipes must be connected electrically to create a continuous low resistance path back to the main electrical… Read more
Jun 19, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Lock-out tag-out practice and seven other steps that save lives
Lock-Out / Tag-Out (LOTO) refers to the specific practices and guidelines to safeguard employees from the unexpected start-up, movement, activation, energizing, release of energy, etc of machinery, equipment, plant, systems during service, maintenance or inspection activities. In short: To protect… Read more
Jun 16, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
