The Philosophy Of Breaker Failure Protection
The separation of equipment into zones will only work successfully if the outputs of the protections can be guaranteed to do their job. This makes logical sense. For the bus… Read more
May 29, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Current and voltage sensors as an alternative to traditional CTs and VTs
As an alternative for traditional primary current and voltage measurement techniques, the use of sensor technique is gaining field. This technique is typically applied to current and voltage measurement in… Read more
May 25, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Understanding the ratios of magnetic HV instrument current transformers
The primary winding is a part of the network, carrying the actual load current. The transformer’s secondary circuits usually consist of several units, each of them having its own magnetic… Read more
May 22, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
The basics of built-in motor protection for engineers beginners
In order to avoid unexpected breakdowns, costly repairs and subsequent losses due to motor downtime, it is important that the motor is fitted with some sort of protective device. This… Read more
May 15, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
3 Overcurrent Protective Device Ratings You MUST Properly Select
In order for an overcurrent protective device to operate properly, the overcurrent protective device ratings must be properly selected. These ratings include: Voltage rating Ampere rating and Interrupting rating – Minimum… Read more
May 08, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
A real life analogy of the jurisdiction of the protection relay
Formally, a relay is a logical element which processes the inputs (mostly voltages and currents) from the system/apparatus and issues a trip decision if a fault within the protection relay‘s… Read more
Feb 09, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Voltage Imbalance Protection of Synchronous Generator (ANSI Code 60)
In an apparatus protection perspective, generators constitute a special class of power network equipment because faults are very rare, but can be highly destructive and therefore very costly when they… Read more
Feb 04, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Miniature Circuit Breakers (MCBs) For Beginners
This technical article focuses on the widely used miniature circuit breakers rated for 240 V or less. These are smaller and lower-rated versions of industrial-grade molded-case circuit breakers rated for… Read more
Jan 26, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
An example of transformer overload and short circuit protection
Transformer protection consists of both overload protection and short circuit protection. Overload protection is usually accomplished via proper selection of the secondary overcurrent protective device. NEC Article 450 gives specific… Read more
Jan 21, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Lightning and surge protection of multi-megawatt wind turbines
There is an unabated trend for the utilisation of regenerative energy gained from wind turbines, solar, photovoltaic and biogas plants or geothermal heat. This is an enormous market potential not only for the… Read more
Dec 19, 2014 | By Edvard Csanyi
Danger And Control Of Static Electricity Buildup
It is necessary to study the static buildup potential of any workplace and institute protective measures to control such buildup. The following are the dangers posed by static electricity: Ignition… Read more
Dec 12, 2014 | By Edvard Csanyi
When customer complains on equipment failure caused by overvoltage…
While voltage sags and momentary interruptions cause the most widespread power quality problems, several other power quality disturbances can damage equipment, overheat equipment, disrupt processes, cause data loss, and annoy… Read more
Nov 17, 2014 | By Edvard Csanyi
4 essential qualities of electrical protection
In generating stations, all electrical circuits and machines are subject to faults. A fault is generally caused by the breakdown of insulation between a conductor and ground or between conductors… Read more
Nov 03, 2014 | By Edvard Csanyi
Applications and characteristics of differential relays (ANSI 87)
Differential relays generally fall within one of two broad categories: Current-differential and High-impedance differential Current-differential relays are typically used to protect large transformers, generators, and motors. For these devices detection of low… Read more
Oct 29, 2014 | By Edvard Csanyi
Let’s analyse phase-to-earth faults in a single-incomer power system
Power-system protection should detect faults and isolate the faulty parts of the power system while keeping the fault-free parts in operation. Protection units are chosen according to the power-system configuration (parallel… Read more
Oct 17, 2014 | By Edvard Csanyi