What is the unit protection and why it’s widely used in transmission networks

The whole power system must be protected. This is achieved by dividing it into overlapping zones. If a fault occurs in a particular zone, only the protection system covering that… Read more

Jun 03, 2019 | Edvard

Integration of IEC 61850 in power plant automation, control, and protection systems

IEC 61850 is much more than a protocol. The general scope of the standard is designed to support the communication of all functions being performed in a substation. Its main… Read more

May 29, 2019 | Edvard

Solving the architectural and reliability puzzle of a protection and control system

This technical article discusses some of the basics of protection and control as successfully used for decades. Majority of these general requirements will have to be retained by new communication-based… Read more

May 27, 2019 | Edvard

6 tools you MUST learn before programming numerical protection relays for real

Developing basic setting specifications for numerical relays is a boring process for most electrical engineers, but not for the protection engineers! It requires significant input data but, for the most… Read more

May 20, 2019 | Edvard

The case of phase-to-phase fault in a 13.8 kV switchgear caused by heavy rain

In this case study we describe a 13.8 kV switchgear phase-to-phase fault due to by heavy rain evolving into a three-phase fault that was cleared by transformer numerical relays. The…...

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May 17, 2019 | Edvard

The basic protection schemes for 4 typical transformer types in power system

The degree of transformer protection provided depends to a great extent upon the size and functional importance of the unit. A further important factor is the economic aspect. The cost… Read more

May 13, 2019 | Edvard

Internal electrical systems within nuclear power plant stations (power sources)

Electrical systems within a nuclear power plant (NPP) deserve significant design considerations. The availability of on-site as well as off-site power plays a crucial role in nuclear power plant safety… Read more

Apr 29, 2019 | Edvard

Three good examples of the application of modern relays to transformer protection

This technical article provides three examples of the application of modern relays to transformer protection. As there are many modern protection relays nowadays that provide advanced software to simplify the… Read more

Apr 22, 2019 | Edvard

Learn to read and understand single line diagrams and wiring diagrams

Single line diagrams are used in common engineering practice as graphical representation of electrical switchboard or assembly containing more sections, i.e. cubicles. Basically, they are simplified and digest picture of…...

PREMIUM Membership Required

This content is available for Premium members only. Premium membership gives you an access to specialized technical articles and other extra premium content (electrical guides and software).

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Apr 12, 2019 | Miodrag Kokotovic

Properly engineered and installed selective coordination between LV circuit breakers

It’s extremely important to work on selective coordination of circuit breakers in the design phase of a system. After switchboards, distribution panels, MCCs, lighting switchboards, etc. are installed, there typically… Read more

Apr 10, 2019 | Edvard

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