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Category 'Protection' - Technical Articles

“Protection” category refers to technical articles dedicated to relay protection of various power substation and transmission & distribution equipment, such as low- medium- and high-voltage switchgear, transformers, capacitor banks, cables, transmission lines, electric motors and generators, and so on. Great attention is paid on circuit breaker schematics, such as tripping, closing and blocking coil arrangements, etc.

Power Substation

Technical Documentation for a Turnkey Substation

A Turnkey Substation is a substation that is designed, constructed, and commissioned by a Service Provider according to the specifications established by the Customer. A Service Provider is an entity (business) that provides services to other entities (companies). The Customer,…...

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Feb 17, 2025 | By

Technical Documentation for a Turnkey Substation
Power Substation

Interlocking for 380kV GIS Substation: Insights into CB and isolator test and service positions

Interlocking systems are critical to the safe and efficient operation of high-voltage substations, ensuring proper sequencing of equipment operations and preventing dangerous scenarios such as simultaneous energization or grounding. This technical article delves into the intricacies of the 380kV interlocking…...

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Feb 03, 2025 | By

Interlocking for 380kV GIS Substation: Insights into CB and isolator test and service positions
Energy and Power

Design of Emergency Diesel Generator Control Circuit Logic for Integration with the Utilities

Many utilities have diesel generators added to their energy mix to act as an emergency back-up source when a power shutdown occurs. These emergency generators cannot thwart the entire system from going down but are critical for safe shutdown of…...

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Jan 27, 2025 | By

Design of Emergency Diesel Generator Control Circuit Logic for Integration with the Utilities
Power Substation

Interlocking for 380kV GIS Substation: One-and-a-half breaker scheme analysis

This article delves into various aspects of the one-and-a-half breaker scheme applied to 380kV GIS switchgear, starting with its benefits and operational framework. It further examines the critical interlocking concepts, including open and closed positions, the “under operation” state (dangerous…...

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Jan 13, 2025 | By

Interlocking for 380kV GIS Substation: One-and-a-half breaker scheme analysis
Power Substation

What is Interlocking in substations, and what is it for?

Interlocking in substations is a critical aspect of power system protection and control, designed to ensure the safe and efficient operation of substation equipment. The primary objective of interlocking is to prevent hazardous situations, such as energizing an earthed circuit…...

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Dec 16, 2024 | By

What is Interlocking in substations, and what is it for?
Energy and Power

Voltage transformer selection scheme in complex substations

In substations, voltage transformers (VTs) are used extensively for energy metering, protection relay operations, and synchronization checks. Their design includes multiple cores, each dedicated to specific functions. For instance, a protection core, typically labeled 3P, offers acceptable accuracy for fault…...

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Dec 02, 2024 | By

Voltage transformer selection scheme in complex substations
Power Substation

Synchro Check Schemes: Key Techniques and Considerations for Power System Stability

In power systems, synchronization is a fundamental requirement for connecting two sources of electric power, such as a generator to a grid or between segments of the power network. Ensuring that these sources are aligned in frequency, phase sequence, and…...

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Nov 18, 2024 | By

Synchro Check Schemes: Key Techniques and Considerations for Power System Stability
Power Substation

Synchronization and Reactive Power Control in Power System

In the world of power systems, synchronization and reactive power control are crucial to maintaining stability, efficiency, and reliability. Synchronizing various power sources, such as generators and grids, ensures they operate in harmony to meet the demand and support the…...

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Nov 11, 2024 | By

Synchronization and Reactive Power Control in Power System
Power Substation

What is a Load Tap Changer (LTC)?

We all experienced the ocasional flickering of the house lights during evenings. This usually indicates a load tap changer (LTC) adjustment, or a sign that the bulb is about to drop dead, but that’s not the subject of this article… Read more

Nov 04, 2024 | By

What is a Load Tap Changer (LTC)?
Premium Content

Electrical thumb rules for switching, isolating and earthing

It is essential that the electrical engineers, or operators who will be in charge of switching, isolating, and earthing operations of the switchgear have a good understanding of the rules that must be followed. In addition, it is of the…...

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Oct 21, 2024 | By

Electrical thumb rules for switching, isolating and earthing


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