Electrical Lectures
What is the difference between MCB, MCCB, ELCB, and RCCB
This technical article briefly describes the most common breaker-related protection devices in low-voltage applications: MCB, MCCB, ELCB, and RCCB. We’ll describe their main characteristics and limitations and try to solve some misunderstandings and differences that many young engineers mix up…. Read more
Oct 25, 2011 | By Jignesh Parmar
Protection
Short circuit protection of generator’s stator windings by overcurrent relays
If current transformers are not connected in the neutral ends of wye-connected generator windings, or if only the outgoing leads are brought out, protective devices can be actuated, as in Figure 1, only by the short-circuit current supplied by the… Read more
Oct 24, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Neutral system – Single earthed or Multi earthed?
In distribution system three phase load is unbalance and non linear so the neutral plays an very important role in distribution system. Generally, distribution networks are operated in an unbalanced configuration and also service to consumers. This causes current flowing… Read more
Oct 13, 2011 | By Jignesh Parmar
Power Substation
Complete overview of lightning arresters (part 3)
Continued from article Complete overview of lightning arresters (part 2) There are several types of lightning arresters in general use. They differ only in constructional details but operate on the same principle, providing low resistance path for the surges to… Read more
Oct 08, 2011 | By Jignesh Parmar
Power Substation
Complete overview of lightning arresters (part 2)
Continued from article Complete overview of lightning arresters (part 1) Surge arresters are devices that help prevent damage to apparatus due to high voltages. The arrester provides a low-impedance path to ground for the current from a lightning strike or… Read more
Sep 29, 2011 | By Jignesh Parmar
Power Substation
Complete overview of lightning arresters (1)
Lightning can create voltage surges in several of the following ways. Lightning can score a direct hit on your house. It can strike the overhead power line which enters your house, or a main power line that is blocks away… Read more
Sep 23, 2011 | By Jignesh Parmar
Power Substation
Animal deterrents and security in substation
The vast majority of electrical utility substations designed to transform transmission voltages to distribution class voltages employ an open-air design. The configurations may vary, but usually consist of equipment that utilizes polymer or porcelain insulators or bushings to create electrically… Read more
Sep 05, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
Bus protection – Overcurrent differential
When selecting relays for bus protection, a major concern is the ability of the protective relaying scheme to restrain from tripping for close-in line faults. Tripping for bus faults, the reason for installing bus differential relaying, is less of a… Read more
Aug 31, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Surge arrester types and auxiliary equipment
Nearly 100 years ago, electrode gaps (rod, sphere, or pipe) were used to limit overvoltages on equipment (Sakshaug, 1991). Some of these systems, particularly pipe gaps, may still be in service today. However, the characteristic of gap sparkover voltage vs…. Read more
Aug 25, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
Capacitor protection by surge arresters – ABB
Generally speaking, capacitor protection by surge arresters has been a difficult task before ZnO arresters became available. The high discharge currents and possible energies associated with an arrester operation at a capacitor bank heavily stressed the spark gaps in a… Read more
Aug 22, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Applications and forms of differential relays
Differential relays take a variety of forms, depending on the equipment they protect. The definition of such a relay is “one that operates when the vector difference of two or more similar electrical quantities exceeds a predetermined amount. It will… Read more
Aug 15, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Whole-House Protection Strategy
No single SPD (Surge Protection Strategy) can protect all the equipment in a residence from all causes of electrical surges. Instead, a whole-house protection strategy, consisting of point-of-entry and point-of-use SPDs, is necessary to help guard against disturbances from inside… Read more
Aug 13, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Low Voltage
How residual current device (RCD) works?
The residual current device (rcd) is used to detect earth fault currents and to interrupt supply if an earth current flows. The main application is to prevent electrocution but RCDs can also be used to protect equipment, especially against fire…. Read more
Jun 11, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
MiCOM P139 – Feeder Management and Bay Control
MiCOM P139 is a cost-effective one-box solution for integrated numerical time-overcurrent protection and control. The unit’s protection functions provide selective short-circuit protection, ground fault protection and overload protection in medium- and high voltage systems. The systems can be operated as… Read more
Mar 30, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
History of the development of busbar protection
Up to the mid 1930’s, no widescale efforts had been made to protect busbars on a unit basis. Also there was reluctance in arranging one protective equipment to cause simultaneous tripping of a large number of circuits. Before the British… Read more
Mar 02, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
