Power Substation
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Interlocking for 380kV GIS Substation: One-and-a-half breaker scheme analysis
This article delves into various aspects of the one-and-a-half breaker scheme applied to 380kV GIS switchgear, starting with its benefits and operational framework. It further examines the critical interlocking concepts, including open and closed positions, the “under operation” state (dangerous…...
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Jan 13, 2025 | By Muhammad Kashif
Power Substation
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What is Interlocking in substations, and what is it for?
Interlocking in substations is a critical aspect of power system protection and control, designed to ensure the safe and efficient operation of substation equipment. The primary objective of interlocking is to prevent hazardous situations, such as energizing an earthed circuit…...
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Dec 16, 2024 | By Muhammad Kashif
Energy and Power
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Voltage transformer selection scheme in complex substations
In substations, voltage transformers (VTs) are used extensively for energy metering, protection relay operations, and synchronization checks. Their design includes multiple cores, each dedicated to specific functions. For instance, a protection core, typically labeled 3P, offers acceptable accuracy for fault…...
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Dec 02, 2024 | By Muhammad Kashif
Energy and Power
Electrical thumb rules for staying safe and alive
How can one stay safe and alive while working in a power system? That’s a good question; however, there are a dozen answers. But let’s start with the first answer. The primary concerns about electrical safety are the unseen nature… Read more
Nov 27, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi
News
Your Black Friday in EEP 🎁 (20% + 30% OFF)
Hi there, hope things is good with you! It gives us great pleasure to present to you two Black Friday offers for electrical engineers: 20% off on the EEP Pro Membership plan, and 30% off on all video courses available… Read more
Nov 25, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
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Synchro Check Schemes: Key Techniques and Considerations for Power System Stability
In power systems, synchronization is a fundamental requirement for connecting two sources of electric power, such as a generator to a grid or between segments of the power network. Ensuring that these sources are aligned in frequency, phase sequence, and…...
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Nov 18, 2024 | By Muhammad Kashif
Power Substation
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Best Practices in Synchronization and Reactive Power Control in Power System
In the world of power systems, synchronization and reactive power control are crucial to maintaining stability, efficiency, and reliability. Synchronizing various power sources, such as generators and grids, ensures they operate in harmony to meet the demand and support the…...
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Nov 11, 2024 | By Muhammad Kashif
Power Substation
What is a Load Tap Changer (LTC)?
We all experienced the ocasional flickering of the house lights during evenings. This usually indicates a load tap changer (LTC) adjustment, or a sign that the bulb is about to drop dead, but that’s not the subject of this article… Read more
Nov 04, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Failures, Testing and Protections Associated with Field Winding of a Generator
Generator field winding is an integral part of the generator set which is responsible for generating the magnetic field that induces the stator emf when the rotor rotates. Regulation of current in this winding with the help of an AVR… Read more
Oct 30, 2024 | By Umer Nasir
Premium Content
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Electrical thumb rules for switching, isolating and earthing
It is essential that the electrical engineers, or operators who will be in charge of switching, isolating, and earthing operations of the switchgear have a good understanding of the rules that must be followed. In addition, it is of the…...
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Oct 21, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electric Motor
Star-delta starting used with large horsepower motors
Star-delta starting is frequently employed with high horsepower motors to mitigate inrush current during the start-up stage and to reduce starting torque. Star-delta starting involves initially connecting the motor stator windings in a star configuration during the motor startup phase,… Read more
Oct 16, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi
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So automated, yet so hackable. Is your country’s power grid safe from cyberattacks?
Yes, many of today’s power grids are very sophisticated and automated. Every single event and piece of equipment is tracked, controlled, measured, and protected. But things aren’t as bright as it seems. As we can see, it turns out that…...
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Oct 14, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
The art of fault clearance in transmission systems: The logic of main and backup relays
The protection and fault clearance requires great attention. In terms of fault clearance protection, we categorize the relays into main protection relays and backup protection relays. The main protection relay is installed at all primary equipment, and it is essential… Read more
Sep 30, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
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Mastering Distance Protection and Calculations: Never Mess Up Protection Accuracy
The first part of this article series delved into the fundamentals of overcurrent protection, exploring the intricacies of relay coordination, the impact of source impedance, and the application of distance protection. These foundational concepts laid the groundwork for understanding how…...
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Sep 23, 2024 | By Muhammad Kashif
Power Substation
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Mastering Distance Protection and Calculations: Advice and Serious Warnings
In 2004, I embarked on an intensive nine-month training program in protection and instrumentation. This experience laid the foundation for my deep understanding of substation protection systems, combining both theoretical knowledge and practical application. The first protection scheme we delved…...
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Sep 09, 2024 | By Muhammad Kashif
