Energy Generation
Backup fault protection for generators in case of a failure at the generation station
It is a common practice to use the differential relay as primary fault protection for the generator. Backup fault protection is also highly recommended to protect the generator from the… Read more
Dec 04, 2019 | By Edvard
Metering
Four special connections of current transformers in relay protection applications
As you should already know, current transformers are used for metering and relay protection purposes. When we are talking about current transformers used for metering, their performance is of interest… Read more
Dec 02, 2019 | By Edvard
Power Substation
HV/EHV substation switching configurations, control and protection functions
The demand for power is growing rapidly due to increased industrial activities almost all across the world. Various generating sets of large ratings are being set up to meet this… Read more
Nov 25, 2019 | By Edvard
Power Substation
5 substation building services that usually lack of proper design (and make troubles later)
This technical article introduces five main principles involved with substation control building and switchyard services that make a lot of trouble to substation crew if poorly designed. The article covers… Read more
Nov 20, 2019 | By Edvard
Protection
Principles and applications of busbar protection schemes (you SHOULD know about)
In the olden days, the clearance of busbar faults was done by time-delayed distance relays or overcurrent relays, resulting in an extension of fault for a longer duration of time…. Read more
Oct 28, 2019 | By Edvard
Power Substation
IED (Intelligent Electronic Device) advanced functions that make our life better
Intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) have been deployed extensively in power automation systems recently, and the shift from RTUs to IEDs is evident due to the integration and interoperability features of… Read more
Oct 16, 2019 | By Edvard
Energy and Power
Occurrence and detection of an earth fault in MV power systems with isolated neutral
The mode of operation of an MV industrial power system that is galvanically isolated from the public power supply is determined by the method of neutral earthing on the secondary… Read more
Oct 14, 2019 | By Edvard
Energy and Power
Medium voltage switches for isolation and earthing (applications & IEC 62271 ratings)
Medium voltage switches for use on 1-52kV indoor systems are predominantly used for isolation and earthing. Although the majority of these switches are air insulated, gas insulated (SF6) combination switches… Read more
Oct 09, 2019 | By Edvard
Energy and Power
The art of achieving selectivity between incoming feeders connected in parallel
Calculating selectivity between incoming low voltage feeders connected in parallel is never an easy task. In parallel operation of two, three and more transformers on a common busbar, the partial… Read more
Oct 07, 2019 | By Edvard
Energy and Power
Good practice rules for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of LV conductors
The search for an overall optimization of the installation with regard to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and its ability to function without suffering or emitting excessive interference, comes via a set… Read more
Sep 30, 2019 | By Edvard
Energy and Power
Operating centralized automatic compensation systems when supplying linear loads
For energy-efficient operation of decentralized multiply-fed industrial networks, each load-centre substation must have its own centralized reactive-power compensation system for automatic PF correction. The automatic reactive-power compensation systems used for… Read more
Sep 16, 2019 | By Edvard
Protection
Interference and noise affecting transmission media in protection signalling
The transmission media that provide the communication links involved in relay protection signalling are private pilots, rented pilots or channels, power line carrier, radio and the newest and the most… Read more
Sep 09, 2019 | By Edvard
Energy and Power
The facts about modern rotary and static uninterruptible power systems (UPS)
This technical article covers the brief explanation of the power quality issues with the reference to the past as well as two main types of modern UPS systems – rotary… Read more
Sep 04, 2019 | By Edvard
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Case study: Failure of a transformer & switchgear buses due to a ferroresonance event
First of all, it’s good to know that the possibility of a transformer ferroresonance condition rapidly increases as the transformer is closer to generator zone. This condition may occur when…...
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Aug 23, 2019 | By Edvard
Protection
Practical implementation of the six most common transformer protection principles
This technical article relies on the previously published article (6 alarms coming from a substation transformer you MUST take very seriously), but is much more dedicated to the implementation of… Read more
Jul 24, 2019 | By Edvard
