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Category 'Protection' - Technical Articles

“Protection” category refers to technical articles dedicated to relay protection of various power substation and transmission & distribution equipment, such as low- medium- and high-voltage switchgear, transformers, capacitor banks, cables, transmission lines, electric motors and generators, and so on. Great attention is paid on circuit breaker schematics, such as tripping, closing and blocking coil arrangements, etc.

Power Substation

Best Practices in Synchronization and Reactive Power Control in Power System

In the world of power systems, synchronization and reactive power control are crucial to maintaining stability, efficiency, and reliability. Synchronizing various power sources, such as generators and grids, ensures they operate in harmony to meet the demand and support the…...

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Nov 11, 2024 | By

Best Practices in Synchronization and Reactive Power Control in Power System
Power Substation

What is a Load Tap Changer (LTC)?

We all experienced the ocasional flickering of the house lights during evenings. This usually indicates a load tap changer (LTC) adjustment, or a sign that the bulb is about to drop dead, but that’s not the subject of this article… Read more

Nov 04, 2024 | By

What is a Load Tap Changer (LTC)?
Premium Content

Electrical thumb rules for switching, isolating and earthing

It is essential that the electrical engineers, or operators who will be in charge of switching, isolating, and earthing operations of the switchgear have a good understanding of the rules that must be followed. In addition, it is of the…...

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Oct 21, 2024 | By

Electrical thumb rules for switching, isolating and earthing
Electric Motor

Star-delta starting used with large horsepower motors

Star-delta starting is frequently employed with high horsepower motors to mitigate inrush current during the start-up stage and to reduce starting torque. Star-delta starting involves initially connecting the motor stator windings in a star configuration during the motor startup phase,… Read more

Oct 16, 2024 | By

Wye-delta starting used with large horsepower motors
Premium Content

So automated, but so hackable. Is power grid in your country safe from cyberattacks?

Yes, many of today’s power grids are very sophisticated and automated. Every single event and piece of equipment is tracked, controlled, measured, and protected. But things aren’t as bright as it seems. As we can see, it turns out that…...

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Oct 14, 2024 | By

So automated, but so hackable. Is power grid in your country safe from cyberattacks?
Power Substation

Mastering Distance Protection and Calculations: Never Mess Up Protection Accuracy

The first part of this article series delved into the fundamentals of overcurrent protection, exploring the intricacies of relay coordination, the impact of source impedance, and the application of distance protection. These foundational concepts laid the groundwork for understanding how…...

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Sep 23, 2024 | By

Mastering Distance Protection and Calculations Part 2: Arc Resistance, Impedances and CTs/VTs
Power Substation

Mastering Distance Protection and Calculations: Advice and Serious Warnings

In 2004, I embarked on an intensive nine-month training program in protection and instrumentation. This experience laid the foundation for my deep understanding of substation protection systems, combining both theoretical knowledge and practical application. The first protection scheme we delved…...

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Sep 09, 2024 | By

Mastering Distance Protection and Calculations Part 1: Advice and Serious Warnings
Power Substation

Maintaining the integrity and earth resistance of substation earthing systems

At the beginning of my career in 2005, I had the opportunity to work at a 500kV substation with the National Transmission and Dispatch Company in Pakistan. During this time, I was introduced to various tools and techniques that were…...

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Aug 26, 2024 | By

Maintaining the integrity and earth resistance of substation earthing systems
Power Substation

How to Design Effective Substation Grounding (Practical Tips)

Substation earthing, or grounding, is essential for electrical safety and reliability in substations, which are critical nodes in the power distribution network. Proper earthing ensures safe dissipation of fault currents into the ground, preventing dangerous voltage build-ups that could cause…...

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Aug 12, 2024 | By

How to Design Effective Substation Grounding (Practical Tips)
Power Substation

The Job of an Electrical Commissioning Engineer (Activities and Real World Examples)

This article aims to cover the activity of electrical commissioning. Such a task in its entirety would be immense. Commissioning can mean many things in different instances. This article aims to give a philosophical and high level conceptual overview of…...

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Aug 05, 2024 | By

The Job of an Electrical Commissioning Engineer (Activities and Real World Examples)
Energy and Power

Handy earthing guidelines for true engineers

In the world of electrical engineering, ensuring the safety and reliability of power systems is paramount. A critical aspect of this is the proper implementation of earthing and bonding systems. This article delves into the fundamental concepts and applications of…...

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Spring Gift! - 20% Off on Pro Membership Plan with coupon 110KVAC
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Jul 29, 2024 | By

Handy earthing guidelines for true engineers
Power Substation

Dangerous threats that can compromise operation of modern digital substations and IEDs

Digital substations are pretty fragile in terms of various kinds of threats. Yes, they are advanced and have a vast number of highly effective protection and control features, but this time, we’ll talk about the threats that can possibly compromise…...

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Jul 08, 2024 | By

Dangerous threats that can compromise operation of modern digital substations and IEDs


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