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Category 'Protection' - Technical Articles

“Protection” category refers to technical articles dedicated to relay protection of various power substation and transmission & distribution equipment, such as low- medium- and high-voltage switchgear, transformers, capacitor banks, cables, transmission lines, electric motors and generators, and so on. Great attention is paid on circuit breaker schematics, such as tripping, closing and blocking coil arrangements, etc.

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Power Substation

Never underestimate how important it is to choose the right CT size in fault detection and protection

In the realm of electrical power systems, current transformers (CTs) play a vital role in accurately measuring and monitoring current levels. Proper sizing of CTs is essential to ensure their adequacy and enable reliable operation within specified limits. This article…...

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Aug 14, 2023 | By

Never underestimate how important it is to choose the right CT size in fault detection and protection
Energy Generation

The art of generator synchronization techniques that every true engineer MUST know about

There are two main types of generator synchronization techniques: manual and automatic. The operator performs speed and voltage adjustments on the generator and issues the breaker closure command during a manual synchronization. Manual synchronization, in its purest form, is done…...

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Aug 07, 2023 | By

The art of synchronizing generator to the grid by adjusting the generator speed and voltage
Maintenance

Hints and warnings for proper installing, earthing and testing of current transformers

Welcome to the third and final part of our comprehensive series on current transformers (CTs) and their secondary circuits. In Parts 1 and 2, we covered various aspects of CT operation, secondary injection testing, burden calculations, CT circuit connections, safety…...

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This content is not available in your premium membership plan. Please upgrade your plan in order to access this content. You can choose an annually based Basic, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical engineering guides, and papers.
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Jul 31, 2023 | By

Hints and warnings for proper installing, earthing and testing of current transformers
Power Substation

Comprehensive Guide to Secondary Injection Testing of the Current Transformers (Part 2)

Welcome to the second part of our three-part series on current transformers (CTs) and their secondary circuits. In Part 1, we explored the fundamental principles of CT operation, the importance of secondary injection testing, the concept of “burden,” considerations for…...

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Jul 03, 2023 | By

Comprehensive Guide to Secondary Injection Testing of the Current Transformers (Part 2) - Ensuring Reliable Operation & Testing of CTs
Power Substation

Comprehensive Guide to Secondary Injection Testing of the Current Transformers (Part 1)

Welcome to the first part of our three-part series on current transformers (CTs) and their secondary circuits. In this series, we will delve into the intricacies of CT operation, explore the importance of secondary injection testing, examine the concept of…...

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Jun 19, 2023 | By

Comprehensive Guide to Secondary Injection Testing of the Current Transformers (Part 1) - CTs and their Secondary Circuits
Power Substation

Primary injection testing and CTs commissioning in power substations (for true engineers)

Primary injection testing is a vital procedure in the commissioning and maintenance of current transformers (CTs). These transformers are integral components of electrical systems, enabling precise measurement and effective protection of electrical currents. In this article, we will explore the…...

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May 29, 2023 | By

Primary injection testing and CTs commissioning in power substations (for true engineers)
Power Substation

Dos and don’ts in creating operation logic diagrams for LV and MV switchgear feeders

Dealing with the switchgear operation logic diagrams is like setting the brain functions. It needs vigilance and patience from design engineer supported with hours and hours of testing and operation simulations. This technical article brings some light to the essence…...

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May 15, 2023 | By

Dos and don'ts in creating operation logic diagrams for LV and MV switchgear feeders
Energy and Power

Earthing system for a complex project: Analysis, calculation and installation (XLSX, DWG)

Creating safety measures against various faults that can be fatal for a human is a critical task that electrical designers and site engineers must consider in any project. Furthermore, instability of the electrical system and equipment damage can result from…...

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May 01, 2023 | By

Earthing system for a complex project: Analysis, calculation and installation (XLSX, DWG)
Power Substation

Dos and don’ts in designing substation layout, implementing interlocks, operation and special applications

It’s always good to emphasize that substations can be a major headache for staff if they’re not designed properly. Because of this, it is essential for the success of a substation’s operation and maintenance to have a well-designed layout, an…...

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Apr 17, 2023 | By

Dos and don'ts in designing substation layout, implementing interlocks, operation and special applications
Power Substation

What is the substation automation system (SAS) and what you MUST know about it

Substation automation system, or shorten SAS, is not a new term, its been in use for the last 30 years. However, substation automation as a technology has rapidly evolved in the last 10 years and nowadays represents a highly advanced…...

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Mar 27, 2023 | By

What is the substation automation system (SAS) and what you MUST know about it
Power Substation

Technical specification of switchyard equipment in a nutshell (how-to guidelines and advice)

This article provides details on the various types of switchyard equipment, including power transformers, circuit breakers, disconnectors, and more. The technical specifications (or tender specifications) for each individual piece of equipment are laid forth. The related course, guide or article…...

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Mar 20, 2023 | By

Technical specification of switchyard equipment in a nutshell (how-to guidelines and advice)
Energy and Power

Specific electrical design tips for a few most common types of commercial facilities

This technical article covers some specific considerations (modern power supply, electric distribution, transportation, lighting controls, and communication systems) for a few most common type of commercial facilities such as banks, colleges and universities, fire stations, health care facilities and office…...

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Mar 06, 2023 | By

Specific electrical design tips for a few most common type of commercial facilities


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