Power Substation
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Often wrongly interpreted: Terminals, isolating links and bars in wiring diagrams and schematics
Terminals and other connecting elements, such as CT/VT shorting and isolating links, test blocks, and earthlings, often need to be better understood in analysing wiring diagrams and schematics. This can badly impact the testing and maintenance process, and sometimes, it…...
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May 20, 2024 | By Muhammad Kashif
Energy and Power
The Brain of a Gas-Insulated Switchgear (GIS): The Bay Local Control Cabinet (LCC)
A local control cabinet (LCC) is commonly installed at each bay location to house the wiring of the GIS bay circuits and connect it to the substation control room. The LCC comprises a mimic diagram, switches, indicators, and annunciator interlocks,… Read more
Apr 15, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
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Intricacies of a breaker pole discrepancy and its implications for substation operation
This article delves into the realm of pole discrepancy in high voltage circuit breakers, shedding light on its mechanisms, applications, and the pivotal role it plays in enhancing system reliability. From understanding the choice between gang (three-pole) and independent (single-pole)…...
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Apr 08, 2024 | By Muhammad Kashif
Power Substation
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Practical Design Rules for Protection System Engineers
Relay protection and the whole bunch of protection system engineering around the substation are quite interesting from the point of view of creativity. The Control and Protection System technology in a substation is very important because it watches over, protects,…...
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Apr 01, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
What steps should be taken to avoid choosing the incorrect current and voltage transformers?
Electrical systems normally use current and voltage transformers for protection and measurement purposes. They represent the power system’s eyes and ears, and it’s essential to fully understand how they work, how to make the correct specification and most importantly, the… Read more
Mar 18, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Substation control and monitoring systems: The eyes and ears of every power system
To ensure the substation is run efficiently, a control and monitoring systems are needed. These systems should display the current status of all plant equipment, including alarms and secondary system indicators. They should also provide digital outputs to open and… Read more
Feb 05, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
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A journey through components commonly found in control and protection schematics
In this article, we embark on a journey through various components commonly found in various electrical diagrams, control and protection schematics, shedding light on their functions, symbols, and significance in the grand orchestration of electrical systems. These are extremely important…...
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Jan 29, 2024 | By Muhammad Kashif
Power Substation
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Prepare yourself for successful inspection and testing of MV metal-clad switchgear
This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the essential inspection and testing processes, emphasizing their importance in the effective functioning of medium-voltage switchgear. The inspection and testing standards included in this resource prioritize safety, functionality, and efficiency, making…...
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Nov 13, 2023 | By Muhammad Kashif
Electrical Machines
Insulation tests on electric motors and generators: DC High Potential Testing (HiPot)
The objective of this technical article is to provide certain criteria and time intervals for conducting insulation tests on electric motors, generators and other electrical equipment. Testing is done to ensure that the equipment is intact and to provide a… Read more
Nov 06, 2023 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
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Mastering Interlock Logic and Schemes for a Gas-Insulated Substation (132 kV GIS Example)
As we delve deeper into this article, we will explore the various types of interlocking mechanisms used for Gas-Insulated Substation (GIS), their applications in substations, power plants, and electrical installations, as well as their significance in ensuring the sustained safety…...
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Oct 30, 2023 | By Muhammad Kashif
Power Substation
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A comprehensive guide to voltage transformer (VT) circuit supervision techniques
Voltage transformer supervision, often referred to as VT fuse fail supervision relay, plays a pivotal role in safeguarding electrical systems. Its primary objective is to detect any potential failure within the voltage transformer (VT) circuit. This raises the important question:…...
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Oct 16, 2023 | By Muhammad Kashif
Premium Content
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Mastering stability test of power transformer: Differential and Restricted Earth Fault (REF) protection
This technical article discusses the essentials of transformer differential protection and restricted earth fault protection schemes, contrasting the two and elaborating on why the latter is necessary. Furthermore, it reveals the outcomes of stability tests performed on a 502 MVA…...
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Sep 25, 2023 | By Muhammad Kashif
Maintenance
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Field secrets and warnings in power transformer mechanical check and visual inspection
Let’s discuss the visual and mechanical inspection procedures for oil-filled power transformers. It’s important, very important to examine a variety of key checkpoints, both external and internal to transformers, all based on the IEC 60076 standard. Each item on the…...
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Sep 11, 2023 | By Muhammad Kashif
Power Substation
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Never underestimate how important it is to choose the right CT size in fault detection and protection
In the realm of electrical power systems, current transformers (CTs) play a vital role in accurately measuring and monitoring current levels. Proper sizing of CTs is essential to ensure their adequacy and enable reliable operation within specified limits. This article…...
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Aug 14, 2023 | By Muhammad Kashif
Maintenance
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A detailed checklist for the installation and commissioning of Gas-Insulated Substations (GIS)
Gas-insulated substations (GIS) are critical components of modern electrical power systems, providing efficient and compact solutions for the transmission and distribution of electricity. These substations utilize sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas as an insulating and arc-quenching medium, offering several advantages over…...
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Jul 17, 2023 | By Muhammad Kashif
