Choosing between AIS and GIS substation design: Factors you MUST take into consideration
For the last sixty years, gas-insulated substation (GIS) has been used in applications related to substations all over the world, and this use of the technology is becoming an increasingly common asset for those who make use of substations. GIS… Read more
Jul 10, 2023 | By Edvard Csanyi
Comprehensive Guide to Secondary Injection Testing of the Current Transformers (Part 2)
Welcome to the second part of our three-part series on current transformers (CTs) and their secondary circuits. In Part 1, we explored the fundamental principles of CT operation, the importance of secondary injection testing, the concept of “burden,” considerations for…...
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Jul 03, 2023 | By Muhammad Kashif
Comprehensive Guide to Secondary Injection Testing of the Current Transformers (Part 1)
Welcome to the first part of our three-part series on current transformers (CTs) and their secondary circuits. In this series, we will delve into the intricacies of CT operation, explore the importance of secondary injection testing, examine the concept of…...
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Jun 19, 2023 | By Muhammad Kashif
The good and bad practices in the commissioning of current transformers in a substation
In the previous technical article (check here), we delved into primary injection testing and the commissioning of current transformers. We explored the primary and secondary sides of current transformers, learned key concepts and terminology used by protection engineers, and examined…...
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Jun 05, 2023 | By Muhammad Kashif
Primary injection testing and CTs commissioning in power substations (for true engineers)
Primary injection testing is a vital procedure in the commissioning and maintenance of current transformers (CTs). These transformers are integral components of electrical systems, enabling precise measurement and effective protection of electrical currents. In this article, we will explore the…...
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May 29, 2023 | By Muhammad Kashif
Thumb rules, dos and don’ts in MV/HV switchgear testing and commissioning
No matter the approach, it is necessary that the testing engineers who will be responsible for commissioning the switchgear have a solid comprehension of the equipment that will be utilized and the various modes of operation that will be utilized…....
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May 22, 2023 | By Edvard Csanyi
Dos and don’ts in creating operation logic diagrams for LV and MV switchgear feeders
Dealing with the switchgear operation logic diagrams is like setting the brain functions. It needs vigilance and patience from design engineer supported with hours and hours of testing and operation simulations. This technical article brings some light to the essence…...
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May 15, 2023 | By Muhammad Kashif
Design Knowhow: Low voltage substation layouts, earthing, fire protection and tests
The design of a low-voltage substation is a pretty complex and quite exciting job to do. If the designer would have complete freedom to make decisions regarding the substation layout, equipment, or cable routes, the job will be even more…...
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Apr 03, 2023 | By Mohammed Ayman
Close and charging motor control circuits for a power circuit breaker explained in detail
This technical article deals with schematics of close and charging motor control circuits for a medium-voltage circuit breaker. The proper functioning of MV switchgear depends on control circuits. For the switchgear to operate properly, the integrity of these control circuits… Read more
Feb 13, 2023 | By Edvard Csanyi
The art of predicting the fate of a power transformer by looking into a cup of oil
Insulation medium is an indispensable part of a power transformer, and the interesting thing about it is that it can drop dead at any time. Most of the time, this doesn’t happen, but… This article presents the transformer oil features…...
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Jan 09, 2023 | By Salem Alshahrani
Often incorrectly specified and ordered: Power transformer fittings and accessories
Modern transformers are like cars full of sensors and electronics that scream and flash when something goes wrong. Most of the time, that’s very good and useful, but it could be irritating in case of repetitive false alarms that need…...
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Nov 14, 2022 | By Edvard Csanyi
Inside Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) Panel: Configuration, Schematics and Troubleshooting
Proper analysis of the VFD’s power and control circuit diagrams is essential for successful troubleshooting. But before starting any analysis, you must know how your system connected through VFD works and how it breathes. You must also know all components…...
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Jul 25, 2022 | By Mohammed Ayman
The most common type tests required for medium and high voltage switchgear
Let me put the definition of switchgear type tests this way. A switchgear MUST withstand voltage in normal and abnormal conditions and to carry varying load currents during its lifetime. A switchgear MUST be able to clear faults occurring due…...
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May 02, 2022 | By Edvard Csanyi
Where and how to find the root cause of a power transformer failure (troubleshooting guide)
When Whatsapp, Facebook, or Gmail is down, it’s manageable, but if transformers fail, the entire business comes to a standstill. No-power-no-business transformers, as the heart of every substation, impact industries and affect the country’s economy and have social and political…...
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Dec 27, 2021 | By Rahmatullah Alam
On-load tests you MUST perform during the switchgear commissioning process
On-load tests constitute the final activity in the commissioning process of low voltage or medium voltage switchgear. They are carried out immediately after the newly installed equipment is energized from the power system, and they are the definitive tests in…...
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Nov 22, 2021 | By Edvard Csanyi
