The mystery of nuisance tripping incidents in transformer protection that worry engineers
This technical article deals with transformer failure incidents due to nuisance tripping caused by various design flaws, operational conditions, or improper protection relay settings. The focus is on differential protection…...
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Feb 22, 2021 | By Salem Alshahrani

Troubleshooting Buchholz relay and recommended actions when it operates
This technical article provides guidance on the possible causes of Buchholz relay operation and recommends actions following the receipt of a Buchholz surge trip or gas collection alarm. It covers… Read more
Feb 15, 2021 | By Edvard

Exciting and inrush currents in transformers that often make protection relays go crazy
If normal voltage is impressed across the primary terminals of a transformer with its secondary open-circuited, a small exciting current flows. This exciting current consists of two components, the loss… Read more
Dec 07, 2020 | By Edvard

How primary feeder, distribution transformer, fuses and service operate in radial networks
As we already know, distribution transformers step down from the distribution or primary feeder voltage to the utilization voltage. They are connected to the primary feeder, sub-feeders, and laterals through… Read more
Oct 12, 2020 | By Edvard

Hints on installation and commissioning power transformers (experience and recommendations)
Purchasing a power transformer for a project is always challenging for every electrical engineer dealing with the procurement. You could omit dozens of possible details from the final specification and… Read more
Sep 28, 2020 | By Edvard

How to shrink three-phase AC high voltage substation and optimize cost and space
Nowadays, when every cent is essential when building a substation, it is imperative to optimize each HV equipment without compromising functionality. This technical article deals with a few solutions to… Read more
Jul 06, 2020 | By Edvard

The impact of interconnection transformer on the protection of the utility system with DG
Interconnection transformers are used to interface a distribution generation (DG) unit with an existing power system, and to provide the necessary isolation. Utilities recommend using an interconnection transformer to eliminate… Read more
Jun 03, 2020 | By Edvard

Transformer connections you are not allowed to forget
Transformers used in power substations or a power system could be a bank of three single-phase transformers connected in either star/delta or star/star etc., or could be a single three-phase… Read more
May 20, 2020 | By Edvard

Practical tips for the protection of generators and power transformers
There are usually several ways of protecting HV/MV generators and transformers. It should be noted that one protection relay is often used for several functions, for example, an overcurrent relay…...
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This technical article/guide requires a Premium Membership. Get access to all premium HV/MV/LV technical articles, electrical engineering guides, and papers. Check out each plan's benefits and choose the membership plan that works best for you or your organization.You can choose an annually based Plus, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan.
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Apr 17, 2020 | By Edvard

Best relay protection practices applied to shunt reactors, capacitors, SVCs and STATCOMs
This technical article explains the protection practices applied to shunt reactors and capacitors as well as to static var compensators (SVCs) and static compensators (STATCOMs). Dry-type and oil-immersed reactors usually… Read more
Mar 11, 2020 | By Edvard

An overview of transformer connections and diagrams in the electric power system
Power transformers are used extensively by traditional electric utility companies, power plants, and industrial plants. This technical article summarizes the basic types, connections, and diagrams of transformers needed for analyzing…...
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This technical article/guide requires a Premium Membership. Get access to all premium HV/MV/LV technical articles, electrical engineering guides, and papers. Check out each plan's benefits and choose the membership plan that works best for you or your organization.You can choose an annually based Plus, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan.
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Mar 05, 2020 | By Edvard

The art of transformer maintenance, inspection and repair (recommended practices)
The primary purpose of transformer maintenance is to ensure the internal and external parts of the transformer and accessories are kept in good condition and “fit for purpose” and able… Read more
Feb 10, 2020 | By Edvard

Eight criteria you should consider when choosing the right MV/LV transformer type
Although there are few common-sense rules that every electrical engineer follow when choosing the transformer type, it’s always a good idea to name the most important of them. This technical… Read more
Jan 29, 2020 | By Edvard

IEC and NEMA/IEEE ratings of current transformers (CTs) in medium voltage applications
First, let’s remind ourselves of the basics in a few sentences. That is something you must know. A current transformer (CT) is designed to produce a secondary current which is… Read more
Jan 20, 2020 | By Edvard

Notes in preparation of an MV/LV substation civil drawings and construction layout
MV/LV substations are not only a point of supply but also provide a means of network isolation in the event of faults or emergencies. In that manner, a detailed substation…...
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This technical article/guide requires a Premium Membership. Get access to all premium HV/MV/LV technical articles, electrical engineering guides, and papers. Check out each plan's benefits and choose the membership plan that works best for you or your organization.You can choose an annually based Plus, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan.
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Dec 05, 2019 | By Edvard
