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Category 'Transformers' - Technical Articles

“Transformers” category deals with technical articles dedicated to power and distribution transformers. This includes a theory of voltage transformation, construction, vertor group analysis, various transformer types used in power grids, etc. Special focus is on the transformer protection which plays crucial role in power grid stability and overall protection.

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Protection

Transformer Protection – Abstract from NEC

According to NEC 450.4, “each transformer 600 volts, nominal, or less shall be protected by an individual overcurrent device installed in series with each ungrounded input conductor.” Such overcurrent device shall be rated or set at not more than 125%… Read more

Dec 26, 2011 | By

Transformer protection - Aabstract from NEC (National Electric Code)
Power Substation

Why and how much for fire protection of power plant?

Fire protection measures can be subdivided into life-safety and investment categories. Life-safety measures are considered to be mandatory by  fire codes, building codes, or safety codes. As such, the codes mandate specific types of substation fire protection, with very little… Read more

Dec 07, 2011 | By

Premium Content

What Standards To Use For Transformer Oil Testing?

ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) has developed the standards for oil testing. The following tests we recommended for a complete analysis of a transformer’s oil: The dielectric breakdown is an indication of the oil’s ability to withstand electrical…...

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Nov 15, 2011 | By

ASTM standards for transformer oil testing and complete analysis of a transformer’s oil
Transformers

Sources of Sound in Transformers

Unlike cooling-fan or pump noise, the sound radiated from a transformer is tonal in nature, consisting of even harmonics of the power frequency. It is generally recognized that the predominant source of transformer noise is the core. The low frequency,… Read more

Nov 09, 2011 | By

Sources of Sound in Transformers
Protection

Transformer Winding Faults

A fault on a transformer winding is controlled in magnitude by the following factors: Source impedance Neutral earthing impedance Transformer leakage reactance Fault voltage Winding connection Several distinct cases arise and are examined below. The winding earth fault current depends… Read more

Nov 02, 2011 | By

transformer-winding-faults-front
Transformers

Transformer Testing Techniques

Cant see this video? Click here to watch it on Youtube. Substation transformers can range from the size of a garbage can to the size of a small house; they can be equipped with a wide array of gauges, bushings,… Read more

Oct 27, 2011 | By

Transformers

Diagnosing Transformer Winding Insulation (video)

This video tutorial shows the progression of power factor or dissipation factor over frequency. Furthermore, measuring transformer winding insulation, including the connection of measuring leads, is explained. Reasons why recording frequency responses is important for a correct diagnosis of a… Read more

Sep 25, 2011 | By

Transformers

Understanding Transformer Polarity

With power or distribution transformers, polarity is important only if  the need arises to parallel transformers to gain additional capacity or to  hook up three single-phase transformers to make a three-phase bank.   The way the connections are made affects angular… Read more

Sep 23, 2011 | By

Energy and Power

Autotransformers in few words

It is possible to obtain transformer action by means of a single coil, provided that there is a “tap connection” somewhere along the winding. Transformers having only one winding are called autotransformers, shown schematically in figure 1. An autotransformer has… Read more

Aug 19, 2011 | By

Autotransformers in few words
Transformers

Life Cycle Cost of Transformers

To perform the economical analysis of transformer, it is necessary to calculate its life cycle cost, sometimes called total cost of ownership, over the life span of transformer or, in other words, the capitalised cost of the transformer. All these… Read more

Aug 06, 2011 | By

Old substation transformers


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