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Category 'Transformers' - Technical Articles

“Transformers” category deals with technical articles dedicated to power and distribution transformers. This includes a theory of voltage transformation, construction, vertor group analysis, various transformer types used in power grids, etc. Special focus is on the transformer protection which plays crucial role in power grid stability and overall protection.

Power Substation

Contract drawings for a power transformer – The checklist you should always follow

This technical article provides a collection of the common drawings that are sent by the manufacturer to the client for approval and reference. The goal of these drawings is to verify that the transformers that are going to be manufactured…...

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Dec 04, 2023 | By

Contract drawings for a power transformer - The checklist you should always follow
Premium Content

Mastering stability test of power transformer: Differential and Restricted Earth Fault (REF) protection

This technical article discusses the essentials of transformer differential protection and restricted earth fault protection schemes, contrasting the two and elaborating on why the latter is necessary. Furthermore, it reveals the outcomes of stability tests performed on a 502 MVA…...

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Sep 25, 2023 | By

Mastering stability test of power transformer: Differential and REF protection
Maintenance

Field secrets and warnings in power transformer mechanical check and visual inspection

Let’s discuss the visual and mechanical inspection procedures for oil-filled power transformers. It’s important, very important to examine a variety of key checkpoints, both external and internal to transformers, all based on the IEC 60076 standard. Each item on the…...

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Sep 11, 2023 | By

Field secrets and warnings in power transformer mechanical check and visual inspection
Premium Content

A comprehensive guide to correct calculation for transformer differential relay settings

In this technical article, we will delve into the comprehensive methodology of calculating the differential relay settings for the GE P642 relay. Each step of the process will be explored, from data collection to final setting determination. By following these…...

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Aug 28, 2023 | By

A comprehensive guide to correct calculation for transformer differential relay settings
Power Substation

The good and bad practices in the commissioning of current transformers in a substation

In the previous technical article (check here), we delved into primary injection testing and the commissioning of current transformers. We explored the primary and secondary sides of current transformers, learned key concepts and terminology used by protection engineers, and examined…...

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Jun 05, 2023 | By

The good and bad practices in the commissioning of current transformers in a substation
Power Substation

Technical specification of switchyard equipment in a nutshell (how-to guidelines and advice)

This article provides details on the various types of switchyard equipment, including power transformers, circuit breakers, disconnectors, and more. The technical specifications (or tender specifications) for each individual piece of equipment are laid forth. The related course, guide or article…...

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Mar 20, 2023 | By

Technical specification of switchyard equipment in a nutshell (how-to guidelines and advice)
Energy and Power

Three-phase basics and terms that students often mix

We all know that an electric current needs a circuit (a complete circle) before it can flow. A single-phase wye circuit can be a phase and a neutral with the current flowing through the “hot” wire and returning to the…...

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Feb 27, 2023 | By

Three-phase basics and terms that students often mix
Maintenance

The art of predicting the fate of a power transformer by looking into a cup of oil

Insulation medium is an indispensable part of a power transformer, and the interesting thing about it is that it can drop dead at any time. Most of the time, this doesn’t happen, but… This article presents the transformer oil features…...

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Jan 09, 2023 | By

The art of predicting the fate of a power transformer by looking into a cup of oil
Premium Content

Often incorrectly specified and ordered: Power transformer fittings and accessories

Modern transformers are like cars full of sensors and electronics that scream and flash when something goes wrong. Most of the time, that’s very good and useful, but it could be irritating in case of repetitive false alarms that need…...

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Nov 14, 2022 | By

Often incorrectly specified and ordered: Power transformer fittings and accessories
Power Substation

How to prepare an enquiry for a power transformer: Design and tendering tips

Nothing is more crucial during the early phase of a transformer inquiry than a complete and explicit listing of all requirements that must be met from both the manufacturer’s and the user’s perspectives. The IEC standards include detailed requirements that…...

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Oct 10, 2022 | By

How to prepare an enquiry for a power transformer: Design and tendering tips
Power Substation

Procedures and activities during the design and tendering phase of HV project engineering

Before getting into the project engineering phase, power system planning with the focus on basic design aspects of main power system components must be performed. Based on recommendations resulting from various studies, the project engineering phase, mainly covers the design,…...

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Sep 26, 2022 | By

Procedures and activities during the design and tendering phase of HV project engineering


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