How to avoid unnecessary replacement of a switchgear by limiting short-circuit fault current
Short-circuit fault current limiters come in a variety of kinds for use in low, medium, high, and extra high voltage systems. Some have been in service for many years, such as the traditional limited series reactor. Other technologies, such as… Read more
Aug 29, 2022 | By Edvard Csanyi
Inside the power grid collapse and measures for preventing voltage instability and loss
The problem of voltage stability and voltage collapse has been studied and investigated for some decades now. A number of incidents have appeared around the world and some intensive work has been made to better understand the phenomena and to… Read more
Aug 15, 2022 | By Edvard Csanyi
Shunt reactor fundamentals: Connections in the substation, switching and protection practice
Due to changes in the generation and load structure, the transmission and distribution networks are always encountering new challenges. Many regions, for example, are gradually changing their power networks, such as expanding generation, joining local/regional grids, and moving from overhead… Read more
Jun 20, 2022 | By Edvard Csanyi
LV/MV power substation equipment and wiring requirements you must understand
The space requirements of a power substation depend on the equipment to be housed, and on whether a new building can be erected for it or it has to be fitted into an existing building. In the case of an… Read more
Jun 06, 2022 | By Edvard Csanyi
Influence of imminent future techs in power substations (trends, IoT design, cyber security)
Advancement in technology is not something unheard of and metaphorically, it has this unique tendency of replicating the pattern of biological evolution. The design and operation of power substations follow similar footsteps, with drastic changes in technology over the last…...
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Apr 18, 2022 | By Bishal Lamichhane
Parameters of generators, transformers, lines and cables for vars, voltage and loads control
For a power system to operate efficiently and securely, the importance of the correct and coordinated provision and control of reactive power cannot be overemphasised. It is necessary to examine reactive power requirements under both steady-state and dynamic conditions. Although… Read more
Jan 31, 2022 | By Edvard Csanyi
The limit of the substation noise level over which it begins to irritate the community
This article will try to shed some light on the most common noise-related concerns associated with existing substations and provide mitigation methods to address these concerns. The continuous noise created by the operation of power transformers and reactors, as well…...
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Jan 24, 2022 | By Edvard Csanyi
Differential protection (87R/∆I) applied to bus connected oil-immersed shunt reactors
Differential protection is the most commonly applied protection function for bus-connected oil-immersed shunt reactors. The function offers instantaneous protection for internal phase to phase and phase to ground faults. Internal in this context means faults located in the area between… Read more
Jan 03, 2022 | By Edvard Csanyi
Where and how to find the root cause of a power transformer failure (troubleshooting guide)
When Whatsapp, Facebook, or Gmail is down, it’s manageable, but if transformers fail, the entire business comes to a standstill. No-power-no-business transformers, as the heart of every substation, impact industries and affect the country’s economy and have social and political…...
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Dec 27, 2021 | By Rahmatullah Alam
How to select grounding point(s) and how many generator or transformer neutrals to use
In grounding the neutral of a power system, the advantages outlined will be achieved provided that proper attention is given to the impedance of the circuit from system neutral to ground. This circuit is illustrated in Figure 1 for the… Read more
Nov 08, 2021 | By Edvard Csanyi
Learn how to prepare for transformer acceptance tests and final inspections
Generally speaking, acceptance tests and final inspections of a transformer should not have any improvisations, but they usually do have. The essential purpose in carrying out the final tests on the transformer is to ensure that the design is as…...
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Nov 01, 2021 | By Edvard Csanyi
On-site transformer diagnostic measurements: The art of troubleshooting and maintenance
Transformer life management requires a portfolio of the different kinds of on-site electrical tests to be performed. This is where things get complicated. The purposes for performing these tests include fingerprint measurements of new transformers to characterize the initial status,… Read more
Sep 13, 2021 | By Edvard Csanyi
A quick reminder to substation transformer basics and safety precautions, dos and don’ts
Let us remind ourselves of the basics of substation transformer parts, their operation principles, and do’s and don’ts for safety measures and precautions. For novice substation engineers it’s important to recognize every single detail of a transformer and later to… Read more
Aug 16, 2021 | By Edvard Csanyi
The magic that isolation transformer uses to suppress transients and noise
Transformers are not perfect. Transients and noise (radio-frequency and low-level spikes) normally pass through transformers, not only by way of the magnetic lines of flux between the primary and the secondary windings but through resistive and capacitive paths between the… Read more
Jul 21, 2021 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power transformers testing and commissioning at the site (instructions and precautions)
Since I started the commissioning work 30 years back, transformer commissioning consisted of more tests, but nowadays, the number of tests has been reduced due to costs and time-saving. This article will go through complete testing that needs to be…...
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May 31, 2021 | By Omar Salah
