Power Substation
Eight criteria you should consider when choosing the right MV/LV transformer type
Although there are few common-sense rules that every electrical engineer follows when choosing the transformer type, it’s always a good idea to name the most important of them. This technical article will briefly explain the eight most common and essential… Read more
Jan 29, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Medium Voltage
IEC and NEMA/IEEE ratings of current transformers (CTs) in medium voltage applications
First, let’s remind ourselves of the basics in a few sentences. That is something you must know. A current transformer (CT) is designed to produce a secondary current which is accurately proportional to the primary current. It consists of a… Read more
Jan 20, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
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Notes in preparation of an MV/LV substation civil drawings and construction layout
MV/LV substations are not only a point of supply but also provide a means of network isolation in the event of faults or emergencies. In that manner, a detailed substation information and layout drawings are required for civil engineers to…...
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Dec 05, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Metering
Four special connections of current transformers in relay protection applications
As you should already know, current transformers are used for metering and relay protection purposes. When we are talking about current transformers used for metering, their performance is of interest during normal loading conditions. Metering transformers may have very significant… Read more
Dec 02, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Low Voltage
4 electrical quantities you MUST fully understand to select the right cast-resin transformer
This the basic question, but it’s important to start from the scratch. Well, distribution transformers link the MV to the LV system and step down the electrical power to be distributed to the intended low-voltage level (e.g. 400 V/230 V… Read more
Nov 13, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Maintenance
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12 on-site checks to inspect the transformer’s health
On-site inspection of the substation transformer usually exposes important condition changes and it initiates various suspicions that need to be investigated in detail. As with any other substation equipment, many things could go wrong during the transformer operation. For example,…...
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Nov 11, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Testing and Commissioning
Pre-commissioning checks and tests of high voltage current transformers (CTs)
Once erection is completed, various pre-commissioning checks and tests are performed to ensure the healthiness of the switchyard equipment prior to their energization. This technical article explains various major electrical tests applicable for current transformers (CTs). Let’s name these tests… Read more
Oct 02, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Testing and commissioning of HV power transformers, circuit breakers, CTs and VTs
As you already know, substations are the points for controlling the supply of power on different routes by means of various equipment such as power transformers, circuit breakers, CTs/VTs, compensating equipment, isolators, etc. The various circuits are joined together through… Read more
Sep 11, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Premium Content
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Case study: Failure of a transformer & switchgear buses due to a ferroresonance event
First of all, it’s good to know that the possibility of a transformer ferroresonance condition rapidly increases as the transformer is closer to generator zone. This condition may occur when the generator is disconnected, leaving the unit transformer delta winding…...
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Aug 23, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
Practical implementation of the six most common transformer protection principles
This technical article relies on the previously published article (6 alarms coming from a substation transformer you MUST take very seriously), but is much more dedicated to the implementation of relay protection principles. You know that transformer is one of… Read more
Jul 24, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
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Six alarms coming from a substation transformer you MUST take very seriously
Transformers are the most expensive piece of apparatus in a power substation and therefore must have appropriate protection equipment installed to guard against various faults. This technical article explains a few internal transformer faults that make an alarm in a…...
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Jul 22, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
MV/LV transformers – The most common power supply in low voltage networks
The general term power supply in LV networks refers to the supply of electrical energy. The power supply, and more generally the different supplies, are provided by sources (mains supply, batteries, generator sets, etc.) which can be MV/LV transformers, diesel… Read more
Jun 24, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
Fuses as the oldest and simplest method of protecting rural distribution systems
Fuses are the oldest and simplest methods of protecting rural networks. There is no method as simple as fuses, but don’t be tricked, modern fuses are very reliable devices. All they need is a good discrimination achieved to be almost… Read more
Jun 19, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Premium Content
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The case of phase-to-phase fault in a 13.8 kV switchgear caused by heavy rain
In this case study we describe a 13.8 kV switchgear phase-to-phase fault due to by heavy rain evolving into a three-phase fault that was cleared by transformer numerical relays. The generator was out of service and the fault was fed…...
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May 17, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
The basic protection schemes for 4 typical transformer types in power system
The degree of transformer protection provided depends to a great extent upon the size and functional importance of the unit. A further important factor is the economic aspect. The cost of protection for power transformers tends to be proportionally higher… Read more
May 13, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
