Transformers
How To Choose System’s Earthing Point And What Is The Practice Throughout The World
Normally in directly earthed and effectively earthed systems, every available neutral point is earthed. Deviations from this occur when the transformer’s neutral points are left unearthed. This is done to limit the maximum earth fault current which can arise to… Read more
Nov 27, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Maintenance
Troubleshooting Transformer In Power Substation And Detailed Failure Investigation
Failure of transformer in power substation is not a sudden phenomenon, for that matter each and every failure will take place only after alerting through some pre-signs. If they went unnoticed or unattended will result in failure. Therefore it is… Read more
Nov 06, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electric Motor
How bad harmonics influence the work of motors and generators, transformers, capacitors etc.
The distortion in the waveform in the load current of any nonlinear device causes similar changes in the voltage waveform relative to the harmonic impedance of the source network. This voltage distortion affects both the current and voltage for all… Read more
Oct 25, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
Differential protection of transformers, machines, busbars, lines and feeders
Differential protection is very useful method of protection that can be applied to the protection of any network component, such as transformers, machines, busbars, lines and feeders. The differential relay compares the incoming phase currents of an object to the… Read more
Oct 16, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
Connecting transmission systems with system intertie transformers
System intertie transformers connect extra high voltage (EHV) transmission systems with different voltages up to 800kV together with the purpose that active as well as reactive power can be exchanged between the systems. The power rating of such transformers may… Read more
Sep 04, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electric Motor
Specific capacitor installations & reactive compensation of asynchronous motors / transformers
Although in general, the calculation of the reactive power to be installed is initially carried out globally, it is advisable not to be swayed by the apparent simplicity of this process, and to look further for the optimum locations for… Read more
Aug 30, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Ten equipment you MUST recognize in every distribution substation
Distribution substation is a substation from which electric supply is distributed to the different users. In a substation there are numbers of incoming and outgoing circuits each having its isolator, circuit breaker, transformers etc. connected to bus-bar system. These equipment… Read more
Aug 11, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
3 greatest enemies to the transformer operation (and how to prevent them)
The principal object of transformer maintenance is to maintain the insulation in good condition. Moisture, dust and excessive heat are the main reasons of insulation deterioration and avoidance of these will keep insulation in good condition. Heat and contamination are… Read more
Jul 28, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electrical Lectures
Easy understanding of 3-phase transformer connections (Delta–Delta, Wye–Wye, Delta–Wye and Wye–Delta)
Three-phase voltage transformations can be accomplished by using three phase transformers, which are single devices with all windings constructed on a single iron core. They also can be accomplished by using three single-phase transformers that are connected externally to form… Read more
Jul 14, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Maintenance
How do faults develop in a HV transformer and why condition monitoring is important
Condition monitoring equipment that can be used to extend the life of a transformer or to prevent catastrophic failure could pay for itself many times over. However, condition monitoring does not come free of charge, and tight budgets are to… Read more
Jul 10, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Eight typical transformer protection schemes with correctly selected relays
This technical article shows application hints for typical transformer protection schemes where SIPROTEC 4 relays are used. Some of applications are small and large transformer infeed, dual infeed with single transformer, parallel incoming transformer feeders, and others like parallel incoming… Read more
May 31, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Dangerous magnetic field exposure near transformer substation in the building
Transformer substations located close to the living areas could induce high long-term exposures to extremely low frequency magnetic fields of nearby inhabitants. Some of the researches have shown increased risk to childhood leukemia associated with the long term exposure to… Read more
May 05, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Why and where do internal faults happen in substation transformers
Transformers are subjected to many external electrical stresses from both upstream and downstream that can lead directly to internal fault(s). The consequences of any failure can be very great in terms of damage as well as in terms of operating… Read more
Apr 28, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Metering
The most frequent errors in specifying current transformers (CTs)
Current transformers (CTs) form an essential link within the protection chain of electrical networks. Their specification, even if it is handled by specialists, often includes errors and is insufficiently optimized. This often leads to technological impossibilities, operating delays, extra costs,… Read more
Apr 24, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Six network operating conditions under which ferroresonance can occur
Due to the multitude of various sources of capacitances and non-linear inductances in a real power network and the wide range of operating conditions, configurations under which ferroresonance can occur are endless. Experience has, however, made it possible to list… Read more
Apr 12, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
