Power Substation
Solving the architectural and reliability puzzle of a protection and control system
This technical article discusses some of the basics of protection and control as successfully used for decades. Majority of these general requirements will have to be retained by new communication-based solutions. It is important to distinguish between the key need,… Read more
May 27, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
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Six tools you MUST learn before programming numerical protection relays for real
Developing basic setting specifications for numerical relays is a boring process for most electrical engineers, but not for the protection engineers! It requires significant input data but, for the most part, is exciting and relatively straightforward. A basic understanding of…...
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May 20, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
The essentials of radial distribution system and its subtransmission circuits
Electric distribution system is all of that part of an electric power system between the bulk power source or sources and the consumers’ service switches. The bulk power sources are located in or near the load area to be served… Read more
May 15, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
The concept of redundancy in the power circuits
Generally speaking, distribution substations should be designed with redundancy allowing a portion of feeders to remain energized if any major component fails or is taken out of service for maintenance. To help ensure a reliable system, planners and operators and… Read more
May 01, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
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Ultra-high voltage (UHV) AC gas insulated switchgear (GIS) for 1000kV and above
Ultra-high voltage (UHV) AC gas insulated switchgear (GIS) can correctly work only if all its internal components are properly assembled and the metal enclosure is filled with SF6 gas at the required density. That’s obligatory. As in the lower HV…...
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Apr 25, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Spot network systems for distribution of electric power in downtown areas of cities
The AC secondary network system is the system that has been used for many years to distribute electric power in the high-density, downtown areas of cities, usually in the form of utility grids. Modifications of this type of system make… Read more
Apr 24, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Minimizing failure impact in distribution systems by allowing faults to clear themselves
Distribution systems are basically insecure – failure of a major component always leads to customer interruptions. So, what can be done? Reliable distribution systems minimize this impact by allowing faults to clear themselves, by minimizing the number of customers affected… Read more
Apr 08, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Testing and Commissioning
Six system requirements of HV and EHV circuit breakers
With the phenomenal growth of the power system (EHV and HV) the duties that a circuit breaker is called upon to perform, besides the ability to handle short circuits, have become complex. Recent studies in this field have thrown much… Read more
Mar 20, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Six common bus configurations in substations up to 345 kV
This technical article explains six most common bus configurations used for distribution, transmission, or switching substations at voltages up to 345 kV. Presented single line diagrams and layouts are generalized since they depend on the type and voltage(s) of the… Read more
Mar 18, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
Pilot schemes for transmission line protection
Pilot schemes simultaneously measure and monitor system parameters at all terminals of a transmission line, local and remote, and then respond according to their predetermined functions. These schemes require the use of a communications channel that may be provided through… Read more
Mar 13, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
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Control house at HV/EHV switchyards and substations (construction, layout and functions)
Nowadays, the control house is one of the main parts of every modern HV switchyard and substation. Why? Simply, because substations have grown in complexity and equipment such as circuit breakers, switch disconnectors, CT, VTs, and others must be controlled,…...
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Mar 11, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Primary and secondary power distribution systems (layouts explained)
Primary distribution systems consist of feeders that deliver power from distribution substations to distribution transformers. A feeder usually begins with a feeder breaker at the distribution substation. Many feeders leave substation in a concrete ducts and are routed to a… Read more
Mar 06, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Premium Content
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Why more and more automation in power distribution? Aren’t we already automated?
One may wonder why is everybody talking more and more about automation in power distribution. Aren’t we already automated? Well, we are not. It can always be better, faster, with more possibilities and more optimized. This is something that pushes…...
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Feb 28, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy Generation
What is negative sequence current and how does it affect generator work
As you know, generators and motors are supposed to operate with balanced three-phase loading, but exposure to unbalanced currents is inevitable. Unbalances could arise from many different sources like unbalanced loads, untransposed transmission line construction, faults and open phases, etc…. Read more
Feb 25, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
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Learn to recognize T&D pylons, foundations, insulators, cables, bushings and arresters
Recognizing the type of transmission & distribution pylons and their equipment is kind of hard if you don’t know where to look for. There are many variations that look similar and you must have sharp eyes to see the details…....
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This content is not available in your premium membership plan. Please upgrade your plan in order to access this content. You can choose an annually based Basic, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical engineering guides, and papers.With EEP's premium membership, you get additional essence that enhances your knowledge and experience in low- medium- and high-voltage engineering fields.
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Feb 20, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
