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Five telecommunication systems embedded in smart grid applications and services
Power utilities use telecommunication systems either as a support for grid assets’ operation or as the enabler for voice communications among operating staff. The main objective of utility telecommunications is to connect remote premises and staff with central premises and…...
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Feb 09, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
The Essentials Of Numerical Relays, Their Features And Important Considerations
The distinction between digital and numerical relays is particular to Protection. Numerical relays are natural developments of digital relays due to advances in technology. They use one or more digital signal processors (DSP) optimised for real time signal processing, running… Read more
Feb 07, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
What is what in outdoor HV substation? How to recognize elements by shape and function?
It’s not always an easy task to explain what is what in high voltage substations. Shapes of the major elements are mostly similar through substations, but there are also combinations of two and more elements with integrated functions.This technical article… Read more
Jan 10, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
HV Transmission Line Components (Towers, Conductors, Substations, ROWs and Roads)
The towers and conductors of a transmission line are familiar elements in our landscape. However, on closer inspection, each transmission line has common components with unique characteristics, beginnings and ends. In this article, we list main transmission line components and… Read more
Jan 08, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electric Motor
10 Common Questions You Can Expect In Electrical Engineering Examination Test
This examination will focus on testing the fundamentals of electrical engineering from low voltage to high voltage. Of course, you can use huge EEP’s resources for help in calculations and finding right answers. Ok, let’s start with questions. You can… Read more
Dec 26, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
This Is Why HVDC Transmission System Beats HVAC In These Essential Applications
For the most part, electric power is transmitted worldwide by means of ac. However, there are certain applications where dc transmission offers distinct economic and/or performance advantages. These applications include long-distance overhead transmission, underwater or underground transmission, and asynchronous ties… Read more
Dec 21, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Important Factors In Design Of Distribution Substations
Distribution substation design must be a combination of reliability and quality of the power supply, safety, economics, maintainability, simplicity of operation, and functionality. Safety of life and preservation of property are the two most important factors in the design of… Read more
Dec 20, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Seven Bad Effects Of Corona On Transmission Lines
All the diverse ionization processes involved in producing corona discharges in the highly stressed regions near the conductors of transmission lines, as well as the creation and movement of charged particles in the electric field, require an expenditure of energy…. Read more
Dec 08, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Transformers
Voltage Regulation By Transformer Off-Load Tap Changer, On-Load Tap Changer and AVR
Almost all transformers incorporate some means of adjusting their voltage ratio, by adding or removing tapping turns. This adjustment may be made by an on-load tap-changer, or by means of an off-circuit tap-changer, or by the selection of bolted link… Read more
Dec 06, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Protections For Medium Voltage Synchronous Machines (Generators) – IEEE C37-2 Codes
The protection system for MV generators (synchronous machines) must be carefully selected and studied for the application it is destined for and it is not normally possible to define a single solution. Only medium voltage generators are analysed and large… Read more
Dec 04, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Transformers
Voltage Regulators Used To Control The Voltage At The End Of a Distribution Feeder
There are three main methods used to control the voltage at the end of a distribution feeder – By using control equipment to vary the voltage at the supply end of the feeder or at the load end and by… Read more
Dec 01, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electrical Lectures
Current Systems (AC/DC) And Voltage Levels Basics You Must Never Forget
There are many electrical engineering basics you really must know at any time, even in the middle of the night! The basics we will discuss here are current systems and voltage levels in transmission and distribution systems. Contents: Current Systems… Read more
Nov 29, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Transformers
How To Choose System’s Earthing Point And What Is The Practice Throughout The World
Normally in directly earthed and effectively earthed systems, every available neutral point is earthed. Deviations from this occur when the transformer’s neutral points are left unearthed. This is done to limit the maximum earth fault current which can arise to… Read more
Nov 27, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
Differential Protection Of Feeders For Transformers And Tee-Offs (Tapped Lines)
On transformer feeders, the transformer and line or cable are connected in series and form a unit. In this manner, one CB can be saved. On feeders with tee-offs, transformers along the feeder are directly connected. In this case, a… Read more
Nov 20, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Cables
Overhead vs. Underground Residential Distribution Circuits. Which One Is ‘Better’?
This debate continues. Both designs have advantages (see Table 1). The major advantage of overhead circuits is cost. An underground circuit typically costs anywhere from 1 to 2.5 times the equivalent overhead circuit (see Table 2). But the cost differences… Read more
Nov 13, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
