Energy and Power
An overview of the transmission and distribution network of New Zealand
The national grid has approximately 12,000 km of high voltage transmission lines. Most of the grid operates on alternating current (the HVAC system), although there is a direct current (HVDC) link for long distance transfer of power between Benmore in… Read more
Dec 06, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
15 hypothesis responsible for the aging of composite insulators
Most technical work concentrates on the aging of nonceramic insulators and the development of test methods that simulate the aging process. Transmission lines operate in a polluted atmosphere. Inevitably, insulators will become polluted after several months in operation. Fog and… Read more
Dec 04, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Smart Grid
In Front Of The Third Electrical Systems Revolution in United States
A dizzying array of new energy technologies are reaching or nearing the marketplace. Newer choices to generate electricity include fuel cells, wind turbines, solar cells and microturbines. Energy storage is approaching practicality, for example through reversible fuel cells and flywheels…. Read more
Dec 02, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
General principles of electricity supply systems
The generation of electricity in most modern power stations is at 25 kV, and this voltage is then transformed to 400 kV for transmission. Virtually all the generators of electricity throughout the world are three-phase synchronous generators. The generator consists… Read more
Nov 25, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Maintenance
Guidelines For The Construction And Maintenance Of Transmission Lines
The purpose of this article is to give a general overview of the steps that are necessary in the planning and construction of a typical overhead transmission line, to give newcomers to the trade a general format to follow, and… Read more
Nov 13, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Transmission and Distribution
The Need for Load Shedding In Generating, Transmission and Distribution Systems
The need for load shedding generally arises from unforeseen causes, lack of sufficient power supply from deficiencies in generating, transmission and distribution capabilities. These conditions may stem from unusually higher than foreseen demands that may be due to the following:… Read more
Nov 11, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electrical Lectures
Electrical Thumb Rules You MUST Follow (1)
This technical article deals with the electrical thumb rules related to cable capacity, current capacity of equipment, earthing resistance, minimum bending radius of a cable, insulation resistance, transformer and lightning arrestor parameters, diesel generator, and current transformer (CT). Cable Capacity… Read more
Aug 23, 2013 | By Jignesh Parmar
Power Substation
Total Losses in Power Distribution and Transmission Lines
This technical article discusses two types of transmission and distribution losses, technical losses and non-technical losses (or commercial losses). Power generated in power stations pass through large and complex networks like transformers, overhead lines, cables and other equipment and reaches… Read more
Aug 19, 2013 | By Jignesh Parmar
Power Substation
Where do the strongest electric and magnetic fields come from in a power substation?
Electric substations produce electric and magnetic fields. In a substation, the strongest fields around the perimeter fence come from the transmission and distribution lines entering and leaving the substation. The strength of fields from equipment inside the fence decreases rapidly… Read more
Aug 05, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
Talking about HV shunt reactor switching (part 2)
Continued from first part: Talking About HV Shunt Reactor Switching (part 1) Scope (explained in previous part) Shunt reactors application (explained in previous part) Closing operation (explained in previous part) Opening operation Conclusions In the case of shunt reactors the… Read more
Jul 31, 2013 | By Nicola
High Voltage
Talking about HV shunt reactor switching (1)
These notes aim to give basic idea of the main criticalities related to HV shunt reactor switching, particularly in terms of voltage, and how such problems are faced and solved by modern switching technology. Content: Shunt reactors application Closing operation… Read more
Jul 29, 2013 | By Nicola
Transmission and Distribution
Voltage Distribution In a Suspension Insulator Strain
A suspension insulator strain consists of a series of alternately insulators and metal parts, which bind each insulator to the next. This constitutes a series of connected capacitors, with each one’s capacitance being created by two successive metal connectors (clips)… Read more
Jul 01, 2013 | By Emmanouil Angeladas
Transmission and Distribution
Overhead Transmission Lines – Static Mechanical Support
When designing an overhead transmission line, we should pay attention to ensure that the tension force does not exceed, in any case, the limit of the mechanical strength of the conductor. The maximum stress occurs at the lower temperature,when the… Read more
Jun 17, 2013 | By Emmanouil Angeladas
SCADA
3 generations of SCADA system architectures you should know about
SCADA systems have evolved in parallel with the growth and sophistication of modern computing technology. The following sections will provide a description of the following three generations of SCADA systems: First Generation – Monolithic Second Generation – Distributed Third Generation – Networked… Read more
Apr 22, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
Conductor Types Used For Overhead Lines
The international standards covering most conductor types for overhead lines are IEC 61089 (which supersedes IEC 207, 208, 209 and 210) and EN 50182 and 50183 (see Table 1). For 36 kV transmission and above both aluminium conductor steel reinforced… Read more
Apr 20, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
