What is the unit protection and why it’s widely used in transmission networks

The whole power system must be protected. This is achieved by dividing it into overlapping zones. If a fault occurs in a particular zone, only the protection system covering that… Read more

Jun 03, 2019 | Edvard

Solving the architectural and reliability puzzle of a protection and control system

This technical article discusses some of the basics of protection and control as successfully used for decades. Majority of these general requirements will have to be retained by new communication-based… Read more

May 27, 2019 | Edvard

6 tools you MUST learn before programming numerical protection relays for real

Developing basic setting specifications for numerical relays is a boring process for most electrical engineers, but not for the protection engineers! It requires significant input data but, for the most… Read more

May 20, 2019 | Edvard

The essentials of radial distribution system and its subtransmission circuits

Electric distribution system is all of that part of an electric power system between the bulk power source or sources and the consumers’ service switches. The bulk power sources are… Read more

May 15, 2019 | Edvard

The concept of redundancy in the power circuits

Generally speaking, distribution substations should be designed with redundancy allowing a portion of feeders to remain energized if any major component fails or is taken out of service for maintenance…. Read more

May 01, 2019 | Edvard

Ultra-high voltage (UHV) AC gas insulated switchgear (GIS) for 1000kV and above

Ultra-high voltage (UHV) AC gas insulated switchgear (GIS) can corrctly work only if all its internal components are properly assembled and the metal enclosure is filled with SF6 gas at…...

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Apr 25, 2019 | Edvard

Spot network systems for distribution of electric power in downtown areas of cities

The AC secondary network system is the system that has been used for many years to distribute electric power in the high-density, downtown areas of cities, usually in the form… Read more

Apr 24, 2019 | Edvard

Minimizing failure impact in distribution systems by allowing faults to clear themselves

Distribution systems are basically insecure – failure of a major component always leads to customer interruptions. So, what can be done? Reliable distribution systems minimize this impact by allowing faults… Read more

Apr 08, 2019 | Edvard

6 system requirements of HV and EHV circuit breakers

With the phenomenal growth of the power system (EHV and HV) the duties that a circuit breaker is called upon to perform, besides the ability to handle short circuits, have… Read more

Mar 20, 2019 | Edvard

6 common bus configurations in substations up to 345 kV

This technical article explains six most common bus configurations used for distribution, transmission, or switching substations at voltages up to 345 kV. Presented single line diagrams and layouts are generalized… Read more

Mar 18, 2019 | Edvard