Twelve power system studies obligatory for the designing the offshore AC substation
This technical article describes the offshore AC substation design studies that involve more than one component or even the complete system. This involves reliability, availability and maintenance issues as well as system properties like total substation power, reactive power management,… Read more
Jun 09, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi
The Problems of Modern Distribution Systems in the Age of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs)
The evolution of power distribution networks is being shaped by unprecedented growth in distributed energy resources (DERs), particularly rooftop solar and other inverter-based technologies. Traditionally designed for one-way power flow from substations to end-users, distribution systems are now experiencing reverse…...
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Jun 02, 2025 | By Muhammad Kashif
What is a Load Flow Study in Power Engineering
Load flow, sometimes known as power flow, are phrases that may be used interchangeably in power engineering. This term refers to a network solution that forecasts steady-state currents, voltages, and both real and reactive power flows across each branch and… Read more
May 26, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi
Behind upgrading the 50+ years old 132/11 kV substation
Let’s look at the 50+ years old 132/11 kV substation that needs refurbishing and uprating as an illustration of the complicated mix of concerns that need to be considered. It shows that there are more than just financial factors to…...
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May 19, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi
Why do power grid crashes and total blackouts happen?
Minimizing the likelihood of blackouts is of the highest importance due to the significant effects that would result from partial or total blackouts in highly industrialized nations. Additional difficulties have been and will be posed by the growing use of…...
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May 12, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi
Best practices in earthing of metallic fences in HV outdoor substations
It is recommended that all substations have a perimeter fence surrounding the area where the electrical equipment is housed. As far as security measures go, it is the first line of defense. For the extra layer of protection, competent workers… Read more
Apr 21, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi
Seven steps to improve visual impact of a power substation
The aesthetics of the substation should be of greatest significance to the community. To ensure environmental compatibility and community acceptance, it is vital to involve the community in the early stages of a project. It is possible that environmental impact… Read more
Mar 17, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi
Design of Auto/Manual Changeover Logic Between Two Busbars Within a Substation
In any industry/plant, the operations rely heavily on interruption free supply of power to meet the targets of production. As a result, we see emergency generators, UPSs or renewable energy sources to save us from complete shutdown. This back-up or…...
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Mar 10, 2025 | By Umer Nasir
What is Time Grading in Relay Protection
What are time grading and relay coordination in protection philosophy? Let’s try to figure out how to grade (or rank) the relays’ operation times so that the one nearest the problem operates first. In Radial Distribution Systems, time-graded protection works… Read more
Mar 07, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi
Technical Documentation for a Turnkey Substation
A Turnkey Substation is a substation that is designed, constructed, and commissioned by a Service Provider according to the specifications established by the Customer. A Service Provider is an entity (business) that provides services to other entities (companies). The Customer,…...
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Feb 17, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi
How to configure medium voltage switchgear: Key influences and stress variables
Let’s discuss the most critical factors that influence the correct configuration of medium-voltage switchgear. As you will see below, for the most common applications of MV switchgear, there are at least six main categories that are very important in the… Read more
Feb 10, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi
Interlocking for 380kV GIS Substation: Insights into CB and isolator test and service positions
Interlocking systems are critical to the safe and efficient operation of high-voltage substations, ensuring proper sequencing of equipment operations and preventing dangerous scenarios such as simultaneous energization or grounding. This technical article delves into the intricacies of the 380kV interlocking…...
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Feb 03, 2025 | By Muhammad Kashif
Interlocking for 380kV GIS Substation: One-and-a-half breaker scheme analysis
This article delves into various aspects of the one-and-a-half breaker scheme applied to 380kV GIS switchgear, starting with its benefits and operational framework. It further examines the critical interlocking concepts, including open and closed positions, the “under operation” state (dangerous…...
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This content is not available in your premium membership plan. Please upgrade your plan in order to access this content. You can choose an annually based Basic, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical engineering guides, and papers.With EEP's premium membership, you get additional essence that enhances your knowledge and experience in low- medium- and high-voltage engineering fields.
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Jan 13, 2025 | By Muhammad Kashif
Best practice for providing LV supply into high earth potential rise sites in substations
During the passage of earth-fault current a substation earth electrode is subjected to an earth potential rise. Potential gradients develop in the surrounding ground area and these are highest adjacent to the substation earth electrode. The earth potential rise reduces… Read more
Dec 23, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi
Once Again, the Entire Island of Cuba Falls Into Darkness as Power Grid Collapses
HAVANA, December 4 – Cuba announced the initiation of power restoration following the collapse of the island’s electrical grid, marking the latest incident in a series of statewide blackouts that highlight the deteriorating condition of the country’s power generating infrastructure…. Read more
Dec 04, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi