Maintenance
Deterioration of high-voltage equipment foundations often neglected during maintenance
Foundations of high-voltage equipment (breakers, disconnectors, CTs, VTs, etc.) and other elements like transmission towers are often neglected in terms of maintenance and condition monitoring. In the long run, this can cause serious cost problems and power disruption. This technical… Read more
Oct 25, 2021 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
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The art of the switchyard design: Case study of a 220/33 kV 200 MW wind farm
This technical article continues with the switchyard design series by studying the case of the 220/33 kV 200 MW wind farm switchyard in which the design steps are put into practice. Previously, a switchyard design methodology was addressed and it’s…...
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Oct 18, 2021 | By Salem Alshahrani
Power Substation
How breaker failure relaying works?
Primary relays operate for a fault in their zone of protection in the shortest time and remove the fewest system elements to clear the fault. On the other hand, backup relays operate in the event that the primary relays fail…. Read more
Oct 15, 2021 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
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AC substation detailed design guidelines: Best practice, dos and don’ts
Substation design is a very complex process that involves many professional engineers in many different areas. However, there are always few people who are leading the whole design process both from the technical and economical aspects. This technical article covers…...
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Oct 11, 2021 | By Edvard Csanyi
Maintenance
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Practical troubleshooting of power interruption in fully operational 33/11 kV substation
Power interruptions are one of the most critical issues that require a swift and effective remedy in a power substation. The power utility substations in the voltage level of 33/11 kV, 11/0.4 kV are generally the major distribution hub and,…...
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Oct 04, 2021 | By Bishal Lamichhane
High Voltage
Design issues in HV busbar protection systems (substation topology and DC power supply)
This technical article discusses criteria and requirements for designing protection systems for busbars in HV/EHV networks. One of the most critical requirements is reliable busbar relay protection to assure power system integrity during fault conditions. This requirement is further emphasized because… Read more
Sep 27, 2021 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
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The art of the switchyard design: Handpicked details you must consider without fail
This article deals with switchyard design and it’s divided into two parts in which switchyard design considerations are discussed in the first part and the other part presents a case study of a 33/220 kV transmission switchyard. This article discusses…...
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Sep 20, 2021 | By Salem Alshahrani
Power Substation
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Eleven deadliest mistakes made by young and unmindful substation engineers
Substation operation and maintenance is one meticulous and critical job that requires a great deal of expertise and familiarization. The complexity and scrutiny increase exponentially as the focus shifts to a higher voltage level, as the margin for error tends…...
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Aug 09, 2021 | By Bishal Lamichhane
Power Substation
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Load flow and short circuit analysis of a MV substation (case study 33/11 kV substation in ETAP)
Designing and operating a substation is a tiresome and challenging task, which requires hefty capital, a well-trained workforce, and lots of time. With the ever-expanding nature of electricity distribution, the MV/LV power distribution substations are mushrooming everywhere. Sometimes, they are…...
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Jul 12, 2021 | By Bishal Lamichhane
Maintenance
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Uprating and expanding existing power substations (good practice and recommendations)
All actions involving substation construction require heavy planning. This is especially true of a program of substation uprating or expansion. The trend is toward the assessment of existing substations and individual equipment to develop a predictive maintenance and substation life…...
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Jul 05, 2021 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
The difference in how series and shunt capacitors regulate the voltage and reactive power flows
At a casual look, a capacitor seems to be a pretty boring and unsophisticated device, that is, two metal plates separated by a dielectric insulating material. Couldn’t be simpler than that. The capacitor has no moving parts but instead functions… Read more
Jun 21, 2021 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
Parallel switching phenomenon when MV/HV circuit breakers interrupt a shared fault current
Parallel switching occurs when two or more circuit-breakers are tripped to interrupt a shared fault current. This is typically the case for such bus arrangements as a double breaker, breaker-and-a-half, breaker-and-a-third, and ring buses. Ideally, all of the circuit-breakers should… Read more
Jun 07, 2021 | By Edvard Csanyi
Low Voltage
Distribution earthing systems in LV/MV networks (design instructions and precautions)
The electrical earthing system is designed to provide safe and correct operation of the network under normal, earth fault, and transient conditions. During earth fault conditions, large fault currents may flow via the general mass of the earth en route… Read more
Jun 02, 2021 | By Edvard Csanyi
Premium Content
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Power transformers testing and commissioning at the site (instructions and precautions)
Since I started the commissioning work 30 years back, transformer commissioning consisted of more tests, but nowadays, the number of tests has been reduced due to costs and time-saving. This article will go through complete testing that needs to be…...
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May 31, 2021 | By Omar Salah
Power Substation
The essentials of overcurrent protection you are not allowed to forget (types and principles)
Relay protection is nowadays completely digitalized and very sophisticated; there is no doubt about that. But, do electrical engineers really understand what they do when setting parameters and navigate through endless menus on a relay? Most engineers do know, of… Read more
May 24, 2021 | By Edvard Csanyi
