Protection
Protection coordination practices in distribution systems with distributed generation
Generally, in most of the countries that cover large area, there are three types of distribution systems: urban, suburban, and rural. Each type of them has its own features regarding the length of the backbone, types of protection devices used,… Read more
Jul 08, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Principles and schemes of busbar and breaker protection in MV/HV/EHV networks
A busbar protection is a protection to protect busbars at short-circuits and earth-faults. In the “childhood” of electricity no separate protection was used for the busbars. Nearby line protection were used as back-up for busbar protection. With increasing short-circuit power… Read more
Jun 24, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Protection practice recommendations and relay schemes for transformer, bus and breaker failure
Protective relays are most often applied with other protective and auxiliary relays as a system rather than individually. The following basic scheme descriptions apply to electromechanical, static, and microprocessor relay systems. The static and microprocessor relay systems generally have more… Read more
Jun 06, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
The impact of interconnection transformer on the protection of the utility system with DG
Interconnection transformers are used to interface a distribution generation (DG) unit with an existing power system, and to provide the necessary isolation. Utilities recommend using an interconnection transformer to eliminate possible zero sequence or dc components in the generated voltages,… Read more
Jun 03, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
Major components of the HVDC converter station (single line diagram explained)
This technical article examines in detail the main equipment of an HVDC converter station and discusses the layout of this equipment within the converter station. The interconnection of HVDC to the AC system is very complex, and nowadays are now… Read more
Apr 29, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
Best relay protection practices applied to shunt reactors, capacitors, SVCs and STATCOMs
This technical article explains the protection practices applied to shunt reactors and capacitors as well as to static var compensators (SVCs) and static compensators (STATCOMs). Dry-type and oil-immersed reactors usually use overcurrent, negative sequence, percentage differential, or impedance relays depending… Read more
Mar 11, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
What are the primary substation feeders? How to analyze their arrangements?
A feeder carries energy to a substation or bus or to several loads. The several substation feeder arrangements are discussed in this technical article. Feeder may connect two substation buses in parallel to provide stiffness or service continuity for the… Read more
Mar 09, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Primary substations and bus layouts in the distribution system of an industrial plant
The primary distribution system of an industrial plant is generally the higher voltage portion of the system, starting with the purchased-power service and including generators, switching equipment, circuits, and all transformers with secondary voltages higher than 600 V. This technical… Read more
Mar 02, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Medium Voltage
Design tips for medium voltage systems and switchgear in power substations
Medium voltage networks are networks with rated voltages of over 1kV and up to 36kV. Medium voltage switchgear is used in transformer substations and switching substations, and in secondary unit substations and customer substations (in public utility networks only). This… Read more
Feb 26, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Controlling power system parameters through reactive power (VAr) compensation
To be honest, transmission and distribution networks are full of problems. But that’s nothing new, and you already knew that. This technical article will shed some light on solving some pretty severe problems in transmission and distribution networks by using… Read more
Feb 17, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Eight criteria you should consider when choosing the right MV/LV transformer type
Although there are few common-sense rules that every electrical engineer follows when choosing the transformer type, it’s always a good idea to name the most important of them. This technical article will briefly explain the eight most common and essential… Read more
Jan 29, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Connections and composition of LV/MV/HV capacitor banks
Compensation capacitors are installed in numerous locations in electrical installations. They are to be found in high voltage transmission and distribution systems, in transformer substations and also at various levels in low voltage installations. Capacitors therefore have to be made… Read more
Jan 27, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Why substation equipment fails and why it’s wise to think of that much before failure
This technical article will try to shed some light on why and how electrical equipment fails and what’s happening before and during the failure of particular substation equipment like switchgear, power transformer, and cable installations. A deep understanding of all… Read more
Dec 09, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
HV/EHV substation switching configurations, control and protection functions
The demand for power is growing rapidly due to increased industrial activities almost all across the world. Various generating sets of large ratings are being set up to meet this requirement. The generator, which is the source of power in… Read more
Nov 25, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
Principles and applications of busbar protection schemes (you SHOULD know about)
In the olden days, the clearance of busbar faults was done by time-delayed distance relays or overcurrent relays, resulting in an extension of fault for a longer duration of time. In the present day’s networks, which are highly interconnected, having… Read more
Oct 28, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
