Introduction to Electrical network protection guide
Among their multiple purposes, protection devices:
- Contribute to protecting people against electrical hazards,
- Avoid damage to equipment (a three-phase short-circuit on medium-voltage busbars can melt up to 50 kg of copper in one second and the temperature at the centre of the arc can exceed 10000 °C),
- Limit thermal, dielectric and mechanical stress on equipment,
- Maintain stability and service continuity in the power system,
- Protect adjacent installations (for example, by reducing induced voltage in adjacent circuits).
Furthermore, the choice of a protection system is often a technical and economic compromise between the availability and safety of the electrical power supply.
Scope
The process for identifying the need for an UPS system, selecting, installing, and maintaining the UPS system are covered.
Covered topics: – Theory and principles of static and rotary UPS systems, design and selection of UPS, installation and testing of UPS, maintenance and operation of UPS systems, principles of static and rotary UPS, UPS system rating and sizing selection, operations/maintenance, batteries, troubleshooting, harmonic distortions, grounding, checklists, and acceptance testing.
The choice of a protection device is not the result of an isolated study, but rather one of the most important steps in the design of the power system.
Based on an analysis of the behaviour of electrical equipment (motors, transformers, etc.) during faults and the phenomena produced, this guide is intended to facilitate your choice of the most suitable protective devices.
Designing power system protection
The design of protection for a power system can be broken down into two distinct steps:
- Definition of the protection system, also called the protection-system study,
- Determination of the settings for each protection unit, also called protection coordination or discrimination.
Definition of the protection system
This step includes selection of the protection components and a consistent, overall structure suited to the power system. The protection system is made up of a string of devices including the following (refer to Figure 1):
- Measurement sensors (current and voltage) supplying the data required to detect faults,
- Protection relays in charge of continuously monitoring the electrical status of the power system up to and including the formulation and emission of orders to the trip circuit to clear the faulty parts,
- Switchgear in charge of clearing faults, such as circuit breakers or combinations of switches or contactors and fuses.
The protection-system study determines the devices to be used to protect against the main faults affecting the power system and the machines:
- Phase-to-phase and phase-to-earth short-circuits,
- Overloads,
- Faults specific to rotating-machines.
The protection-system study must take the following parameters into account:
- Power system architecture and size, as well as the various operating modes,
- The neutral-earthing systems,
- The characteristics of current sources and their contributions in the event of a fault,
- The types of loads,
- The need for continuity of service.
| Title: | Electrical network protection guide – Schneider Electric |
| Format: | |
| Size: | 480 kB |
| Pages: | 74 |
| Download: | Right here | Video Courses | Membership | Download Updates |
thanks for sharing
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Thanks
Sir,
Your effort is incomparable. But I am trying to answer to some questions posted by your readers, as far as my knowledge. Let me know if I’m wrong in any points. Thanks a lot
Tell me how to download this document,please?
you guys have a spreadsheet for short circuit calculation
Hi dear sir… We have the breaker to protect leakage and short circuit for tripping, I think this protective device it’s no need
many thanks; we don’t forget your efforts; again thank you very much.
about distribution pipes of drinking water in buildings… Should be grounded?
if a building does not they to groundend, is it good to decide to put their own home ground? Is it good turning the home into the fate of stray currents?