Electricity generation, transmission and distribution guides

Electricity generation and transmission concept

The purpose of the electric transmission system is the interconnection of the electric energy producing power plants or generating stations with the loads. A three-phase AC system is used for most transmission lines. The operating frequency is 60 Hz in the U.S. and 50 Hz in Europe, Australia, and part of Asia.

Electricity generation, transmission and distribution guides

Electrical energy, being a very convenient form of energy, has become fully pervasive in the modern world. As the distribution system is the link through which an individual consumer draws electrical energy from the power system, proper design of the distribution system becomes very important for reliability and maintenance of continuity of electric supply.

Detailed description of all aspects of design, construction and operation of a distribution system involves a number of steps that include planning, layout, load forecast and design, equipment, protection schemes, power quality, distribution system management and more recently distributed energy resources (DERs) at the local level.

More details of all these aspects are given in the following guides and papers.

Browse guides and papers

Note that not all documents in this section are free to download. Navigate through sub-pages to discover all documents.

Calculation of earth potential rise in the underground power distribution cable network

The author has observed young graduate engineers using available computer programs to model substation earth mats and calculate earth potential rise (EPR) without understanding the importance of the parameters involved. In one instance, an engineer was calculating EPR for a… Read more

May 31, 2017

Calculation of earth potential rise in the underground power distribution cable network

Interconnecting mini-grids (up to 200 kW) with the central electric grid

A Guidebook on Grid Interconnection and Islanded Operation of Mini-Grid Power Systems Up to 200 kW is intended to help meet the widespread need for guidance, standards, and procedures for interconnecting mini-grids with the central electric grid as rural electrification… Read more

Apr 24, 2017

Interconnecting mini-grids (up to 200 kW) with the central electric grid

Primary-side protection of distribution substation transformers

Primary-side protective devices are widely applied at load-tap transformers where the available primary fault current exceeds the device’s primary-fault interrupting rating. Overlapping protection from statistically rare high-current primary faults is afforded by the line-terminal circuit breakers and first-zone phase- and… Read more

Apr 17, 2017

Primary-side protection of distribution substation transformers

Experience with commissioning and testing complex busbar protection schemes

As “junction points” present at all voltage levels and carrying energy in electric power systems, power substation buses are critical to system topology. Exposure to high fault currents imposes stringent performance requirements on both bus protection relays and current transformers…. Read more

Apr 12, 2017

Commissioning and Testing Complex Busbar Protection Schemes – Experience at Pacific Gas & Electric

Energy transmission and distribution over lines and cables in power systems

When the current is flowing through the metallic conductors electric and magnetic fields are created and the electric power is carried by these fields (Poynting’s vector S = E × H). In power systems the primary task of a line… Read more

Mar 26, 2017

Energy transmission and distribution over lines and cables in power systems

Recommended practices for maintenance of LV/MV/HV electrical equipment

This document establishes minimum recommended practices for maintenance of electrical equipment in Bureau of Reclamation hydroelectric power and large pumping plants. Included in this document are recommended maintenance activities, maintenance intervals, and references. Equipment and situations vary greatly, and sound… Read more

Mar 22, 2017

Recommended practices for maintenance of LV/MV/HV electrical equipment

General specifications for a customer-owned 69 kV outdoor substation

The following are general requirements for relaying and SCADA equipment: Specific PSE&G requirements will be provided for relays and their associated equipment, as required for the operation of circuit breakers and/or motor-operated disconnecting switches. All proposed relay designs involving the… Read more

Mar 01, 2017

General specifications for a customer-owned 69 kV outdoor substation

Guideline for connecting generating plants to the medium voltage network

The present guideline summarizes the essential aspects which have to be taken into consideration for the connection of generating plants to the network operator’s medium-voltage network. Thus, they shall serve as a basis to the network operator and to the… Read more

Feb 22, 2017

Guideline for generating plants connected to the medium voltage network

Handbook for electrical distribution and transmission fieldworkers

It is important electrical workers and fieldworkers to have a good working knowledge of the principles and theory of electricity so that they can work safely on electric lines and associated equipment. This is especially so because electricity cannot be… Read more

Jan 18, 2017

Handbook for electrical distribution and transmission fieldworkers

A case study on SCADA implementation in 220 kV substation

200/110/11kV Shivgiri substation Bijapur is newly installed substation. Under IES project, automation of new substation is done through Substation Automation System (SAS) using IEC 61850. The functions performed by Substation Automation (SA) system are in, general, switch control, data monitoring,… Read more

Dec 13, 2016

A case study on SCADA implementation in 220 kV substation

Complete power cable installation guide

Cables installed into conduits or trays have installation parameters such as maximum pulling tensions, sidewall pressure, clearance, and jamming, which must be considered. Other installations, such as buried and aerial, have different installation parameters. Most installations involve some general considerations,… Read more

Oct 30, 2016

Transmission substation work practice manual

This work practice outlines the minimum requirements for the use, care and maintenance of portable earthing and shorting equipment, in transmission substations. Conduct a risk assessment and job briefing. For more on this see work practice 2.15 (Job briefing process)… Read more

Oct 23, 2016

Transmission substation work practice manual

High voltage live work and practices manual

This manual has been produced to ensure standardisation of work practices and procedures for qualified and authorised high voltage (HV) live workers undertaking high voltage live work on the Western Power Network. They ensure that HV live workers are aware… Read more

Oct 05, 2016

High voltage live work and practices manual

Guidelines for HV circuit breaker function and test methods

Circuit breaker is one of the most important component in every electric power system. The circuit breaker has to operate within extremely tight tolerances when a disturbance is detected in the network to protect sensitive and costly components such as… Read more

Sep 10, 2016

Guidelines for HV circuit breaker function and test methods

Power grid and centralized substation protection and control

The power grid is now more dynamic than ever before! Newer tools are increasingly developed to manage the grid better. Renewable energy sources are changing power system characteristics at a time when utilities are also focusing on improving customer service… Read more

Aug 30, 2016

Power grid and centralized substation protection and control

13 Comments

ISSA SLEEHAT
May 13, 2022
so brilliant …
thanks and best regards.
Reply
Hernán Perez
Dec 10, 2021
I would like to work with you
Reply
Awudu nwuku aji
Nov 05, 2021
Electrical engineering student
Interested in the portal
Reply
samer habib
May 29, 2020
The best ever useful info source for Electrical engineers in practice and theory
Reply
Onuajula Briggs Chidera
Dec 31, 2019
Thank you Sir for this lesson, am writing an Engineering article on “HVDC as a better alternative to HVAC”
Reply
Mr. Hla Myint Moe
Jul 26, 2019
How to download this book?
Reply
Abhinab Sharma
Jun 10, 2018
What is effect of use of shunt capacitor installed in 33 KV side at 132/33 KV grid station ?
Reply
Abhinab Sharma
Jun 10, 2018
What is function of OLTC ( On load Tap changer) in 132/33 KV power transformer 132 KV side at 132/33 KV grid station? & When to use it ?
Reply
Abhinab Sharma
Jun 10, 2018
What is reason of low voltage ( 116 KV) supply at 132 KV level at 132/33 KV grid station coming from 220/132 KV grid Station during peak load hours ?
Reply
Khaled Yemen
Dec 30, 2017
Good books
Reply
V SOMANATH
Jul 25, 2017
Sir,please tell how to join practical or video training on electrical engineering like about industrial automation&PLC scada course.or any other like autocad on electrical engineering subjects.
Please confirm any information about this I want immediately this.
Reply
walid mahjoub
Aug 12, 2016
good technical manuals
Reply
Bhupendra Fumakia
Aug 11, 2016
Dear Sir,
Please let me have PDF version of following
“Transmission and Distribution Electrical Engineering – Colin Bayliss, Colin R. Bayliss, Brian J. Hardy”
Best regards.
Bhupendra
Reply

Engineering Drawings for the 100 MW Solar Project (PDF)

Guidelines to distribution transformers for industrial and commercial electrical supply

Increase of power supply to 132 kV electrical network in the Port of Durban (South Africa)

Review of power transmission systems, HVDC, underground and other systems