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Voltage dip characterization

Voltage dip characterization aims at qualification and quantification of voltage dips through several characteristics so that the calculated characteristics provide information about the severity of the event and also about the underlying cause of the event and the power system status during the event.

Voltage dips as a very important power quality issue
Voltage dips as a very important power quality issue

Further it is expected that the calculated characteristics have predictive value regarding the dip impacts on sensitive loads and aid in collecting statistics about voltage dips.

Regarding these goals a lot of methods for voltage dip characterization have been proposed by the literature. Including additional voltage dip characteristics will increase the accuracy of the characterization but at the cost of increased complexity, among others with interpretation of the results.

To attend all mentioned goals, it is preferred to characterize each individual voltage dip by means of a limited number of values referred to as β€˜single-event characteristics’. This term was introduced in IEEE 1564.

A distinction should be made between two different types of voltage dip characteristics. Some characteristics are calculated as single values for one event, where residual voltage and voltage dip duration are the ones most commonly used. Other characteristics are calculated as a function of time, these are referred as β€œcharacteristics versus time”.

A systematic comparison approach is required to decide how best to obtain a single-event characteristic from the characteristic versus time.

Proposed method for comparing different characterization methods
Proposed method for comparing different characterization methods

Voltage dips are described, according to IEC and IEEE standards, by one voltage and one duration. The advantage of this is that the characterization is simple and that both interpretation and use in statistical methods are simple.

There are disadvantages with this method as well: essential information is missing when it concerns the use of characteristics of individual dips and dip statistics to predict equipment performance.

There is however no method available to compare different sets of characteristics in a quantitative way. The main limitations are expected to be in the three-phase unbalance of the dip and in the non-rectangular character of the dip. The latter include dips with a severe impact of motor loads and transformer saturation, but also multi-stage voltage dips.

Multi-stage voltage dips are a result of fault development (e.g. from single-phase to two-phase) or of multistage fault clearing and they present different levels of voltage magnitude during the event. The proposed single-event characteristics are not adequate to characterize this type of voltage dips.

It is recommended by an international working group [5] that each stage is characterized individually and single-value characteristics are derived for each stage.

Title:Voltage dips as a very important power quality issue – Azam Bagheri at LuleΓ₯ University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Division of Energy Science
Format:PDF
Size:12.0 MB
Pages:120
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Voltage dips as a very important power quality issue
Voltage dips as a very important power quality issue

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