Low Voltage
Why Ground Fault Protection Matters and Which Scheme For Sensing Ground Faults To Choose
A ground fault normally occurs in one of two ways: by accidental contact of an energized conductor with normally grounded metal, or as a result of an insulation failure of… Read more
Mar 19, 2018 | By Edvard
Energy and Power
5 Main Harmonics Generators And Their Detrimental Effects On Industrial Applications
In industrial applications, the main types of equipment that generate harmonics are: static converters, arc furnaces, lighting, saturated reactors and other equipment, such as rotating machines which generate slot harmonics… Read more
Jan 31, 2018 | By Edvard
Technical Guide/Paper
Medium Voltage DC Applications And Future Scenarios (That Thomas Edison Has Started…)
Although more than a century has passed since the heated dispute between Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse known as the “War of Currents”, the debate as to whether use of… Read more
Nov 03, 2017 | By Edvard
Power Substation
Substation ownership demarcation between the utility and the plant (considerations & issues)
The substation ownership demarcation between the utility and the plant is very important and should be determined carefully. Specific ownership of the substation and associated equipment may be a complicated… Read more
Sep 18, 2017 | By Edvard
High Voltage
Main circuit breaker types from 1000 V MCB to 1000 kV dead tank breaker
This technical article discusses two important circuit breaker classifications – by voltage level (from low to medium and high voltage) and secondly by technology (extinguishing method or medium that insulates… Read more
Sep 06, 2017 | By Edvard
Energy and Power
Should transfer switch be equipped with contactors or circuit breakers? Manual or automatic?
Transfer switches support multiple operation modes (manual, automatic, non-automatic, bypass isolation, etc.) and feature a range of different switching mechanisms (contactors, circuit breakers). Transfer switches are used to protect critical… Read more
Aug 23, 2017 | By Edvard
Energy and Power
The essentials of MV/HV magnetic voltage transformers
Magnetic voltage transformers are used to provide a secondary signal that is proportional to the actual prevailing primary value. These signals are used to supply measuring instruments, meters, relays and… Read more
Aug 14, 2017 | By Edvard
Technical Guide/Paper
Design and installation of low voltage busbar trunking systems (verified to BS EN 61439-6)
The object for this guide is to provide an easily understood document, aiding interpretation of the requirements to which Busbar Trunking Systems are designed and how they should be safely… Read more
Jul 24, 2017 | By Edvard
Electrical Lectures
Easy understanding of 3-phase transformer connections (Delta–Delta, Wye–Wye, Delta–Wye and Wye–Delta)
Three-phase voltage transformations can be accomplished by using three phase transformers, which are single devices with all windings constructed on a single iron core. They also can be accomplished by… Read more
Jul 14, 2017 | By Edvard
Energy and Power
How to recognize harmonics symptoms – What to look for and where to look?
Finding harmonics problem is relatively easy once you know what to look for and where to look. Harmonics symptoms are usually anything but subtle. This technical article provides some basic… Read more
May 10, 2017 | By Edvard
Technical Guide/Paper
Interconnecting mini-grids (up to 200 kW) with the central electric grid
A Guidebook on Grid Interconnection and Islanded Operation of Mini-Grid Power Systems Up to 200 kW is intended to help meet the widespread need for guidance, standards, and procedures for… Read more
Apr 24, 2017 | By Edvard
Technical Guide/Paper
Testing specifications for preventive maintenance of electrical equipment
The scope of work described in this bulletin are recommended practices that are ordinarily used in the field to determine the condition of an electrical power system. These practices can… Read more
Apr 19, 2017 | By Edvard
Energy and Power
Top six solutions to achieve a high level of energy efficiency in buildings
Energy efficiency in commercial buildings involves providing a given level of performance, cost, quality, availability, and comfort at a minimal level of energy usage throughout the lifecycle of a given… Read more
Mar 27, 2017 | By Edvard
Electric Motor
Why overmotoring an application is not such a good idea
In many instances, the practice has been to overmotor an application, i.e., to select a higher-horsepower motor than necessary. The disadvantages of this practice are: Lower efficiency Lower power factor… Read more
Mar 13, 2017 | By Edvard
Energy and Power
Voltage drop calculation methods with examples explained in details
The first consideration for voltage drop is that under the steady-state conditions of normal load, the voltage at the utilization equipment must be adequate. In addition to steady-state conditions, voltage… Read more
Mar 03, 2017 | By Edvard
