Eight typical transformer protection schemes with correctly selected relays
This technical article shows application hints for typical transformer protection schemes where SIPROTEC 4 relays are used. Some of applications are small and large transformer infeed, dual infeed with single… Read more
May 31, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
4 medium voltage switching equipment for primary substation installations
This technical article covers the medium voltage switching equipment intended mainly for primary substation installations. The target is to give some basic knowledge and difference between four main piece of… Read more
May 22, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Troubleshooting of a telemetry system (from RTU to the SCADA computer facilities)
This technical article reviews certain methodologies that may be followed for effective troubleshooting of a telemetry system from the digital or analog field input/output at the RTU to the computer… Read more
May 19, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Current sensors as the eyes of RCD and tips for their correct installation
All residual current devices are made up of at least two components. First component act as the eyes of RCD – sensors – must be able to supply an electrical signal… Read more
May 12, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Course on basic electrical technology – Electrical circuits, machines & measurements
Welcome to this course on Basic Electrical Technology. Engineering students of almost all disciplines has to undergo this course (name may be slightly different in different course curriculum) as a… Read more
May 08, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Sizing calculations for 20/3.3 kV, 12.5 MVA transformer feeder cable
Typical calculations for a 20kV transformer feeder cable are presented below. After correct cable voltage classification the following considerations apply: Current carrying capacity Short circuit rating Voltage drop Earth loop… Read more
May 08, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Dangerous magnetic field exposure near transformer substation in the building
Transformer substations located close to the living areas could induce high long-term exposures to extremely low frequency magnetic fields of nearby inhabitants. Some of the researches have shown increased risk… Read more
May 05, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Network harmonics analysis – Installation with 6-pulse rectifier, capacitors & filters
The diagram in figure 1 represents a simplified network comprising a 2,000 kVA six-pulse rectifier, injecting a harmonic current spectrum, and the following equipment which will be considered consecutively in three… Read more
Apr 21, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Rules for dimensioning, disconnecting and protecting the neutral conductor
Dimensioning of neutral conductor Smaller than the cross-sectional area of the phase conductors… Equal to the cross-sectional area of the phase conductors Greater than or equal… Neutral conductor disconnection TN-C… Read more
Apr 19, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Thumb rules for surge arrester installation in different earthing systems
A variety of documents deal with the subject of surge arrester installation: for example in France, standard NF C 15-531 focuses on the installation rules of LV surge arresters, and… Read more
Apr 17, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Experience with commissioning and testing complex busbar protection schemes
As “junction points” present at all voltage levels and carrying energy in electric power systems, power substation buses are critical to system topology. Exposure to high fault currents imposes stringent… Read more
Apr 12, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Six network operating conditions under which ferroresonance can occur
Due to the multitude of various sources of capacitances and non-linear inductances in a real power network and the wide range of operating conditions, configurations under which ferroresonance can occur… Read more
Apr 12, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Five protection relay types used to detect grid disturbances and isolating
Consider a medium voltage distribution system having local generation (e.g., captive power generation) as shown in figure 1 which is also synchronized with the grid. During grid disturbance, if plant generators… Read more
Mar 29, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
The analysis of four network schemes in terms of reliability and protection
Before sizing an electric network, the single-line diagram of the electric network must be defined on the basis of: Load – it is considered fundamental to establish the true user and service… Read more
Mar 24, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Calculation of electro magnetic field (EMF) around T&D overhead lines
Calculation of Electro-Magnetic Field EMF) is one of the factors which must be considered during the design process, especially for high voltage transmission lines. It is common that based on… Read more
Mar 13, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi