Renewable Energy
Photovoltaic End-Use Application Markets
Photovoltaic markets can be classified based on the end-use application of the technology. The most common PV projects are off-grid applications. Water pumping also represents an important application of PV,… Read more
Jan 04, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
Transformer Protection – Abstract from NEC
According to NEC 450.4, “each transformer 600 volts, nominal, or less shall be protected by an individual overcurrent device installed in series with each ungrounded input conductor.” Such overcurrent device… Read more
Dec 26, 2011 | By jiguparmar
Medium Voltage
Consequences of internal arc for personal safety and MV electrical equipment
The aim of this article is to describe the internal arc phenomenon, its consequences for safety, current methods of limiting them and current regulations in general for equipment used in… Read more
Dec 23, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Earthing in electrical network – purpose, methods and measurement
The main reason for doing earthing in electrical network is for the safety. When all metallic parts in electrical equipment are grounded then if the insulation inside the equipment fails… Read more
Dec 19, 2011 | By jiguparmar
Medium Voltage
Internal arc testing of MV switchgear – IEC 62271-200 (part three)
Continued from: Internal arc testing of MV switchgear – IEC 62271-200 (part two) The following chapter describes the development of a new gas-insulated switchgear generation GHA [4] for primary distribution… Read more
Dec 16, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Medium Voltage
Internal arc testing of MV switchgear – IEC 62271-200 (part two)
Continued from: Internal arc testing of MV switchgear – IEC 62271-200 (part one) The current valid international standard for metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear for rated voltages from 1 kV and… Read more
Dec 14, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electrical Lectures
What is the resonance phenomena?
The use of both capacitive and inductive devices in distribution systems leads to resonance phenomena, resulting in extremely high or low impedance values. These variations in impedance modify the current… Read more
Dec 09, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Guideline to Design Electrical Network for Building (Small Area)
Find out built up area in Sqft.of per flat per House/Dwelling unit. Multiply area in Sqft. by Load/Sqft according to following table: Type of Load Load/Sqft Industrial 100 Watt/Sqft Commercial… Read more
Dec 02, 2011 | By jiguparmar
Protection
Transformer and Transformer-Feeder Protection
The development of modern power systems has been reflected in the advances in transformer design. This has resulted in a wide range of transformers with sizes ranging from a few… Read more
Nov 30, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Transmission and Distribution
What is the reason beyond three phase transmission?
As the need for increased transmission line capacity have forced power utility and owner to maximize power density in existing transmission corridors. Many experienced have already been done on this,… Read more
Nov 28, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Cables
Fire Properties Of Cables
This is an area of increasing public and legislative concern, and therefore of increasing interest to engineers. There have been major advances in the fire performance of cables in recent… Read more
Nov 21, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Cables
Direct high voltage testing of cable insulation systems
DC testing has been accepted for many years as the standard field method for performing high-voltage tests on cable insulation systems. Whenever DC testing is performed, full consideration should be… Read more
Nov 19, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Demand Factor-Diversity Factor-Utilization Factor-Load Factor
Originally published at Electrical Notes – Articles Demand Factor = Maximum demand of a system / Total connected load on the system Demand factor is always less than one. Example:… Read more
Nov 14, 2011 | By jiguparmar
Transformers
Sources of Sound in Transformers
Unlike cooling-fan or pump noise, the sound radiated from a transformer is tonal in nature, consisting of even harmonics of the power frequency. It is generally recognized that the predominant… Read more
Nov 09, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Lighting
Basic parameters used in lighting you should know
Abbreviation: φ phi Unit: lm lumen The luminous flux describes the quantity of light emitted by a light source. The luminous efficiency is the ratio of the luminous flux to… Read more
Nov 03, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
