Medium Voltage
Installation guidelines for MV metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear (IEC 62271-200)
What does it mean ‘metal-enclosed switchgear’? Metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear are generally assembled from type-tested panels. As per IEC 62271-200 metal-enclosed switchgear installations must be designed so that their insulation capacity, degree of protection, current carrying capacity, switching capacity and… Read more
Jul 27, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Control system equipment that supervises, protects and controls the substation operation
The control system equipment in a substation is a vital part that supervises, protects and controls the transmission of electrical power. The increasing complexity in the substations of today, together with the increasing transmitted power and the increasing fault current… Read more
Jul 13, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
How to shrink three-phase AC high voltage substation and optimize cost and space
Nowadays, when every cent is essential when building a substation, it is imperative to optimize each HV equipment without compromising functionality. This technical article deals with a few solutions to optimize high voltage switchgear in terms of space and cost…. Read more
Jul 06, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Principles and schemes of busbar and breaker protection in MV/HV/EHV networks
A busbar protection is a protection to protect busbars at short-circuits and earth-faults. In the “childhood” of electricity no separate protection was used for the busbars. Nearby line protection were used as back-up for busbar protection. With increasing short-circuit power… Read more
Jun 24, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
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A real-life case study of relay coordination (step by step tutorial with analysis)
I would say that coordination is a TEAMWORK. In the protection context, it implies how the various protection devices in an electrical distribution network, work as a team, to achieve the common objective of power supply continuity, even in the…...
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Jun 15, 2020 | By Sivakumar K
Maintenance
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My worst experience in the maintenance and supervision of medium voltage substations
While there are various voltage levels applicable across the globe depending upon the usability, the category of Medium Voltage remains one of the most critical voltage group comprising primary distribution or sub-transmission category of power supply at the range of…...
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Jun 01, 2020 | By Bishal Lamichhane
Medium Voltage
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Mastering single line and wiring diagrams: Using circuit breaker for MV power factor correction
Within this article, a custom-made cubicle intended for supply and protection of MV reactive power compensation block will be analyzed. Technical characteristics of major electrical components, together with three line and wiring diagrams, will be shown, while some specific aspects…...
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Apr 09, 2020 | By Miodrag Kokotovic
Medium Voltage
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Learn how to interpret interlocking schemes between MV cubicles (single line and wiring diagrams)
There are numerous variations of MV switchgear topology, measurement, and control logic. However, there are also some basic rules related to these aspects which may be frequently seen in practice, with the purpose of increased safety and reliability during operation…....
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Mar 12, 2020 | By Miodrag Kokotovic
Power Substation
Primary substations and bus layouts in the distribution system of an industrial plant
The primary distribution system of an industrial plant is generally the higher voltage portion of the system, starting with the purchased-power service and including generators, switching equipment, circuits, and all transformers with secondary voltages higher than 600 V. This technical… Read more
Mar 02, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
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Design and control considerations for an example of the waste water pumping station
Wastewater pumping stations are very common application examples of three-phase induction motors. There are numerous varieties of power supply and control logic, depending on exact conditions in the place of installation, the role of the pumping station inside a sewer…...
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Feb 14, 2020 | By Miodrag Kokotovic
Energy and Power
Inevitable in almost all electrical switchboards – Residual current device (RCD)
Technology that RCD uses is so simple and so magical. The residual current device continually measures the difference between the value of the outgoing and incoming currents in the circuit it is protecting. If this difference is not equal to… Read more
Feb 12, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Low Voltage
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How does low voltage protection unit work and what’s the most important to understand
If we are talking about LV applications, the protection (or trip) unit is a functional part of a circuit breaker. In most cases, they are physically integrated into the same housing as well. To better explain the purpose of the…...
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Jan 23, 2020 | By Miodrag Kokotovic
Cables
The problem of induced voltages in control cables in high voltage substations
Cabling in power substations is very important due to the fact that they are the longest parts of a system and therefore act as efficient antennas that pickup and or radiate noise. In HV substations, there are different kinds of conductors… Read more
Jan 13, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electric Motor
Medium voltage soft starter for heavy-duty motor control (operation and special applications)
A soft starter is an electronic motor controller used on three phase medium voltage squirrel cage induction motors. During motor starting, the soft starter controls the voltage or current supplied to the motor. Motor start performance is optimized by reducing… Read more
Nov 18, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electric Motor
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The wiring diagram and physical layout of the equipment inside the motor control centre
This article will provide a description of the most important equipment and working principle of a real case motor control centre (MCC). That is a usual name for a switchboard with the purpose of power supply and control of induction…...
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Nov 14, 2019 | By Miodrag Kokotovic
