Power Substation
Six common bus configurations in substations up to 345 kV
This technical article explains six most common bus configurations used for distribution, transmission, or switching substations at voltages up to 345 kV. Presented single line diagrams and layouts are generalized since they depend on the type and voltage(s) of the… Read more
Mar 18, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy Generation
Sizing a MV generator circuit breaker (GCB) in terms of breaking capacity
The main function of a circuit breaker is to carry the rated current of the generator and break both the short-circuit current supplied by the generator and that supplied by the power grid. The basic design of the generator circuit configuration… Read more
Jan 14, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
The essence of LV circuit breakers – Releases, tripping curves, characteristics and limitation
A circuit breaker is both a circuit-breaking device that can make, withstand and break currents whose intensity is at most equal to its rated current (In), and a protection device that can automatically break overcurrents which generally occur following faults… Read more
Dec 17, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Premium Content
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The logic behind switchgear interlocking systems in substations
Switchgear interlocking is installed to protect both the equipment and the operator from dangerous situations caused by incorrect equipment operation. It can be categorized as operational interlocking and safety, or maintenance, interlocking. However interlocking logic is not always easy to…...
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Dec 07, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
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Main components of a Gas Insulated Substation (GIS) you should know about
Gas-insulated substations (GIS) use circuit breakers, disconnect switches, and grounding switches, and have various means of indicating their position, either opened or closed, so the same as in air-insulated substation (AIS). Operation of a GIS uses most of the same…...
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Nov 23, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Four important factors related to proper application of a LV circuit breaker
Consideration of all the factors related to proper application of a low-voltage circuit breaker goes beyond voltage, current, and interrupting rating. The performance of a specific type of circuit breaker may be influenced by nonelectrical factors related to the installation… Read more
Oct 15, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
The essentials of LV/MV/HV substation bus overcurrent and differential protection
The substation bus and switchgear are the parts of the power system used to direct the flow of power to various feeders and to isolate apparatus and circuits from the power system. These parts include the busbars, circuit breakers, fuses,… Read more
Oct 10, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Medium Voltage
Standard tripping schemes and trip circuit supervision schemes for MV switchgear
Medium voltage switchgear is used for switching medium voltage loads through associated control, measuring, protective and regulating equipment. This operation also involves considerable manual intervention which therefore necessitates the fulfilment of safety requirements laid down in International Standards. A variety… Read more
Oct 08, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
MV/LV transformer protection against temperature rise, overloads, short-circuit & overvoltages
When selecting the type of transformer correctly electrical engineer needs to know its different electrical and thermal properties and the resistance to stresses due to faults or normal service of the transformer itself. This is crucial to know. The transformer… Read more
Sep 26, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
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Reasons and duties for switching in power transmission and distribution systems
The purpose of a power system is to transport and distribute the electric energy generated in the power plants to the consumers in a safe and reliable way. Generators take care of the conversion of mechanical energy into electric energy,…...
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Jul 12, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Low Voltage
Selection of relay for incoming and outgoing feeders for MV and LV MCC switchgear
Selection of proper relay is one of the most important stages to have a reliable network. In this article, selection of relay for incoming and outgoing feeders for LV switchgear (motor control centers) and MV switchgear up to 33kV has… Read more
Jul 02, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Low Voltage
MV/LV Power Substations Design and Schematics Notes (Network Supply and Enclosure Types)
Early consultation with the local Electricity Distributor is essential for agreement on a mutually approved MV/LV substation to act as the intake point for a particular site. This consultation is usually before detailed knowledge of the plant or project is… Read more
Jun 11, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
The Most Used Outdoor Switchyard Layouts You Should Know About
The arrangement of outdoor switchgear layouts and installations is mostly influenced by economic considerations, in particular adaptation to the space available and the operational requirements of reliability and ease of supervision. Contents: Switchyard layout in general Selected layout examples: Low… Read more
May 07, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
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The Essentials Of Substations, Electrical Equipment and Busbar Arrangements
Electrical power systems nowadays are generated, transmitted, and distributed in the form of alternating current. The electric power is produced at the power stations which are located in suitable places, generally quite away from the consumers. It is delivered to…...
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Apr 06, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Medium Voltage
The Most Important Tests For Medium Voltage Metal-Enclosed Switchgear (You SHOULD Perform)
The design of the insulation system for metal-enclosed switchgear is based upon life expectancy of about 30 years. However, environmental conditions such as dirt, moisture, and corrosive atmosphere can shorten the design life. Moisture combined with dirt is the greatest… Read more
Mar 28, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
