Energy and Power
Smart Grid Concept and Characteristics
A smart grid is an electricity network that uses digital and other advanced technologies to monitor and manage the transport of electricity from all generation sources to meet the varying electricity demands of end-users. Smart grids co-ordinate the needs and… Read more
Mar 21, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Transformers
12 Main Classes Of Power Transformer
Transformers are used for a wide variety of purposes, with the complete range of voltage and power ratings as well as many special features for particular applications. The following covers the main types: Transformers for electronic circuits or for low-voltage… Read more
Jan 08, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Installation of Distribution-to-Utilization Voltage Transformers
Aerial transformer installations may utilize a three-phase unit or banked single-phase units. Transformers, either singly or in banks, having an individual unit or combined capacity greater than 300 kVA will not be mounted on single wood poles. Special structural considerations… Read more
Nov 11, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Typical Constructions Of Overhead Lines
Along streets, alleys, through woods, and in backyards, many of the distribution lines that feed customers are overhead structures. Because overhead lines are exposed to trees and animals, to wind and lightning, and to cars and kites, they are a… Read more
Oct 03, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Transformers
Understanding Transformer Polarity
With power or distribution transformers, polarity is important only if the need arises to parallel transformers to gain additional capacity or to hook up three single-phase transformers to make a three-phase bank. The way the connections are made affects angular… Read more
Sep 23, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Difference between Power Transformer and Distribution Transformer
Power transformers are used in transmission network of higher voltages for step-up and step down application (400 kV, 200 kV, 110 kV, 66 kV, 33kV) and are generally rated above 200MVA. On the other hand, distribution transformers are used for… Read more
Aug 27, 2011 | By Jignesh Parmar
High Voltage
Budgeting and Financing Substation
The construction of new substations and the expansion of existing facilities are commonplace projects in electric utilities. However, due to the complexity, very few utility employees are familiar with the complete process that allows these projects to be successfully completed…. Read more
Aug 16, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Transformers
Where to put transformer?
With electric wires being strung at the tops of poles to keep them out of the reach of the general public, it is obvious that transformers would be hung on the same poles, as close as possible to the high-voltage… Read more
May 02, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
HVAC
District heating – Heat from a central boiler plant
District heating is a system which provides a number of buildings with heat from a central boiler plant through pre-insulated pipes. Pre-insulated pipes are in fact a modern kind of heat culvert or district heating duct, but since these systems… Read more
Mar 03, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Transformers
Price Of A Transformer
Today the production of transformers is characterised by a large variety of designs, manufactured in relatively short batches to meet the demands of a variety of customers with ever-changing expectations. Of course, fluctuations in commodity prices have a significant effect…. Read more
Jan 26, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Transformers
Transformer Losses Standards
Unlike many countries around the world, Europe has no mandatory standard on energy efficiency of distribution transformers. The two main documents which describe losses in transformers are: the European Standard EN 50464-1, which has superseded the harmonised document HD428 for… Read more
Jan 07, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Lighting
Distribution Of Energy For Lighting – History
Edison planned his first installation for New York City, and decided that an underground system of distribution would be necessary. This took the form of a network supplied by feeders radiating ftom a centrally located degenerating station to various feed… Read more
Dec 24, 2010 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Establishing New Power Substation
The construction of new substations and the expansion of existing facilities are common place projects in electric utilities. However, due to the complexity, very few utility employees are familiar with the complete process that allows these projects to be successfully… Read more
Dec 20, 2010 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
Basics Of Subtransmission Systems
Subtransmission systems are those circuits that supply distribution substations. Several different subtransmission systems can supply distribution substations. Common subtransmission voltages include 34.5, 69, 115, and 138 kV. Higher voltage subtransmission lines can carry more power with less losses over greater… Read more
Dec 17, 2010 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electrical Lectures
The Need for Reactive Power Compensation
Except in a very few special situations, electrical energy is generated, transmitted, distributed, and utilized as alternating current (AC). However, alternating current has several distinct disadvantages. One of these is the necessity of reactive power that needs to be supplied… Read more
Nov 19, 2010 | By Edvard Csanyi
