The theory behind reactive energy compensation that every engineer should know

Reactive energy compensation is an essential process in improving energy efficiency. It reduces the power consumption and thus its cost, enables optimum use of installations by preventing them being oversized,… Read more

May 22, 2019 | Electrical Lectures

6 tools you MUST learn before programming numerical protection relays for real

Developing basic setting specifications for numerical relays is a boring process for most electrical engineers, but not for the protection engineers! It requires significant input data but, for the most… Read more

May 20, 2019 | Protection

The case of phase-to-phase fault in a 13.8 kV switchgear caused by heavy rain

In this case study we describe a 13.8 kV switchgear phase-to-phase fault due to by heavy rain evolving into a three-phase fault that was cleared by transformer numerical relays. The…...

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May 17, 2019 | Premium Content ♛

The essentials of radial distribution system and its subtransmission circuits

Electric distribution system is all of that part of an electric power system between the bulk power source or sources and the consumers’ service switches. The bulk power sources are… Read more

May 15, 2019 | Power Substation

The basic protection schemes for 4 typical transformer types in power system

The degree of transformer protection provided depends to a great extent upon the size and functional importance of the unit. A further important factor is the economic aspect. The cost… Read more

May 13, 2019 | Protection

3 most important routine tests for successful verification of a low voltage switchgear

Individual tests or routine verifications are intended to check the essential safety aspects of LV assemblies that could be affected by hazards during mounting or possible manufacturing faults. In principle,… Read more

May 08, 2019 | Low Voltage

Theorems and network reductions that every electrical engineer MUST know

Most practical power system problems are solved by using steady state analytical methods. These methods make the assumption that circuit parameters are linear, bilateral, and constant for constant frequency circuit… Read more

May 06, 2019 | Electrical Lectures

How to make calculation for a distribution substation 10/0.4 kV, 2×1600 kVA

Distribution substations with installed power of 2×1600 kVA are typical example of electrical power supply facilities which can be often seen all around the Europe and wider. By “calculation” of such a substation, it is assumed that...

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May 02, 2019 | Low Voltage ♛

The concept of redundancy in the power circuits

Generally speaking, distribution substations should be designed with redundancy allowing a portion of feeders to remain energized if any major component fails or is taken out of service for maintenance…. Read more

May 01, 2019 | Power Substation

Internal electrical systems within nuclear power plant stations (power sources)

Electrical systems within a nuclear power plant (NPP) deserve significant design considerations. The availability of on-site as well as off-site power plays a crucial role in nuclear power plant safety… Read more

Apr 29, 2019 | Energy Generation