Control system equipment that supervises, protects and controls the substation operation

The control system equipment in a substation is a vital part that supervises, protects and controls the transmission of electrical power. The increasing complexity in the substations of today, together… Read more

Jul 13, 2020 | Power Substation

Protection coordination practices in distribution systems with distributed generation

Generally, in most of the countries that cover large area, there are three types of distribution systems: urban, suburban, and rural. Each type of them has its own features regarding… Read more

Jul 08, 2020 | Protection

How to shrink three-phase AC high voltage substation and optimize cost and space

Nowadays, when every cent is essential when building a substation, it is imperative to optimize each HV equipment without compromising functionality. This technical article deals with a few solutions to… Read more

Jul 06, 2020 | High Voltage

My experience and guidance in the design and electrification of a modern airport

The electrical systems for airports require proper quality installations and consideration for features usually not involved in other electrical installations. In this article, we will be discussing the general elements…...

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Jun 29, 2020 | Low Voltage ♛

Principles and schemes of busbar and breaker protection in MV/HV/EHV networks

A busbar protection is a protection to protect busbars at short-circuits and earth-faults. In the “childhood” of electricity no separate protection was used for the busbars. Nearby line protection were… Read more

Jun 24, 2020 | Power Substation

Primary rated values for medium voltage switchgear often mixed by engineers

It’s not unusual to see that engineers mix terms of primary ratings. If they are not understood well, yes, it’s possible to mix some of them. But it’s essential to… Read more

Jun 22, 2020 | Medium Voltage

Electrical insulation testing – Often underestimated until things go really bad

Due to mechanical damage, vibrations, (excessive) heat/cold, moisture/humidity, chemical influences and interactions and aging pinholes, cracks causes moisture and foreign matter to penetrate the surface of the insulation. They create… Read more

Jun 17, 2020 | Energy and Power

A real-life case study of relay coordination (step by step tutorial with analysis)

I would say that coordination is a TEAMWORK. In the protection context, it implies how the various protection devices in an electrical distribution network, work as a team, to achieve…...

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Jun 15, 2020 | Energy and Power ♛

Protection practice recommendations and relay schemes for transformer, bus and breaker failure

Protective relays are most often applied with other protective and auxiliary relays as a system rather than individually. The following basic scheme descriptions apply to electromechanical, static, and microprocessor relay… Read more

Jun 06, 2020 | Power Substation

The impact of interconnection transformer on the protection of the utility system with DG

Interconnection transformers are used to interface a distribution generation (DG) unit with an existing power system, and to provide the necessary isolation. Utilities recommend using an interconnection transformer to eliminate… Read more

Jun 03, 2020 | Protection

My worst experience in the maintenance and supervision of medium voltage substations

While there are various voltage levels applicable across the globe depending upon the usability, the category of Medium Voltage remains one of the most critical voltage group comprising primary distribution…...

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Jun 01, 2020 | Maintenance ♛

Planning and installation of the low voltage switchgear – The devil is in the detail!

To be honest with you, the planning and installation of LV switchgear is a damn complicated job. But you knew that :) There are dozen of detail where you can… Read more

May 24, 2020 | Energy and Power

Transformer connections you are not allowed to forget

Transformers used in a power substations or a power system could be a bank of three single phase transformers connected in either star/delta or star/star etc., or could be a… Read more

May 20, 2020 | Electrical Lectures

The most common issues I experienced in wiring of a medium voltage switchgear

Nowadays, the design and manufacturing of a Medium Voltage switchgear is not an easy task. Many factors could affect the generation of an optimal set of engineering drawings to be…...

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May 18, 2020 | Medium Voltage ♛

Four very important precautions for installation of cables and busbar trunking systems

First, to be clear, there are dozen of concerns and precautions you should be aware of when we talk about energy transport. Cables and busbar systems are the most common… Read more

May 11, 2020 | Energy and Power