Interlocking for 380kV GIS Substation: One-and-a-half breaker scheme analysis
This article delves into various aspects of the one-and-a-half breaker scheme applied to 380kV GIS switchgear, starting with its benefits and operational framework. It further examines the critical interlocking concepts, including open and closed positions, the “under operation” state (dangerous…...
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Jan 13, 2025 | By Muhammad Kashif
The issue of a proper phase sequence (CW or CCW) on electric motors and generators
Phase sequence or phase rotation is one of the most confusing concepts in the electrical engineering. It is often confused with motor rotation. For instance, one would say: “If it doesn’t turn the way you want it, just rewire two… Read more
Jan 06, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi
Maintenance Practices to be Followed for On-Site Generator Overhauling
This discussion will focus on the on-site overhauling of a gas-powered generator, detailing the essential procedures for its enhancement. It is a common practice for utilities to test electrical assets periodically after a certain interval of time mainly as part…...
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Dec 30, 2024 | By Umer Nasir
Best practice for providing LV supply into high earth potential rise sites in substations
During the passage of earth-fault current a substation earth electrode is subjected to an earth potential rise. Potential gradients develop in the surrounding ground area and these are highest adjacent to the substation earth electrode. The earth potential rise reduces… Read more
Dec 23, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi
What is Interlocking in substations, and what is it for?
Interlocking in substations is a critical aspect of power system protection and control, designed to ensure the safe and efficient operation of substation equipment. The primary objective of interlocking is to prevent hazardous situations, such as energizing an earthed circuit…...
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Dec 16, 2024 | By Muhammad Kashif
Measures to reduce interference from Variable Speed Drives
Often referred to as Variable Frequency Drives, AC Variable Speed Drives (VSD) generate a great deal of electrical interference. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is the standard method for controlling motor speed in VSDs. The quick rise and fall times of… Read more
Dec 09, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi
Once Again, the Entire Island of Cuba Falls Into Darkness as Power Grid Collapses
HAVANA, December 4 – Cuba announced the initiation of power restoration following the collapse of the island’s electrical grid, marking the latest incident in a series of statewide blackouts that highlight the deteriorating condition of the country’s power generating infrastructure…. Read more
Dec 04, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi
Voltage transformer selection scheme in complex substations
In substations, voltage transformers (VTs) are used extensively for energy metering, protection relay operations, and synchronization checks. Their design includes multiple cores, each dedicated to specific functions. For instance, a protection core, typically labeled 3P, offers acceptable accuracy for fault…...
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Dec 02, 2024 | By Muhammad Kashif
Electrical thumb rules for staying safe and alive
How can one stay safe and alive while working in a power system? That’s a good question; however, there are a dozen answers. But let’s start with the first answer. The primary concerns about electrical safety are the unseen nature… Read more
Nov 27, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi
Your Black Friday in EEP 🎁 (20% + 30% OFF)
Hi there, hope things is good with you! It gives us great pleasure to present to you two Black Friday offers for electrical engineers: 20% off on the EEP Pro Membership plan, and 30% off on all video courses available… Read more
Nov 25, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi
Synchro Check Schemes: Key Techniques and Considerations for Power System Stability
In power systems, synchronization is a fundamental requirement for connecting two sources of electric power, such as a generator to a grid or between segments of the power network. Ensuring that these sources are aligned in frequency, phase sequence, and…...
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Nov 18, 2024 | By Muhammad Kashif
Synchronization and Reactive Power Control in Power System
In the world of power systems, synchronization and reactive power control are crucial to maintaining stability, efficiency, and reliability. Synchronizing various power sources, such as generators and grids, ensures they operate in harmony to meet the demand and support the…...
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Nov 11, 2024 | By Muhammad Kashif
Bringing new life to an old Air-Insulated Substation (AIS)
An increasing number of substations globally are aging, while the construction of new ones is hindered by competitive limitations, rigorous environmental rules, and community acceptance issues. Simultaneously, the demand for electricity is consistently escalating, resulting in increased short circuit levels… Read more
Nov 07, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi
What is a Load Tap Changer (LTC)?
We all experienced the ocasional flickering of the house lights during evenings. This usually indicates a load tap changer (LTC) adjustment, or a sign that the bulb is about to drop dead, but that’s not the subject of this article… Read more
Nov 04, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi
Failures, Testing and Protections Associated with Field Winding of a Generator
Generator field winding is an integral part of the generator set which is responsible for generating the magnetic field that induces the stator emf when the rotor rotates. Regulation of current in this winding with the help of an AVR… Read more
Oct 30, 2024 | By Umer Nasir