Mastering GIS control circuits: AC/DC auxiliary circuits and circuit breaker closing circuit
A gas-insulated substation (GIS) is usually utilized in high voltage applications in which all conductive parts are encapsulated in sealed cylinders with SF6 as the insulating medium. The air-insulated substation (AIS), on the other hand,…...
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Jan 11, 2021 | Power Substation ♛
Four ways of ensuring proper selectivity in MV/HV electrical network protection
Selectivity study of a power system is usually considered as an advanced job for advanced engineers, mostly relay protection engineers. This article will try to get close to a few important selectivity principles in a… Read more
Jan 04, 2021 | Power Substation
Hey engineers, wish you a happy and normal new year, 2021!
Just a short note from me today, the end of this crazy year. I’d like to wish you a normal and happy New Year on behalf of myself and everyone else at EEP. This year… Read more
Dec 30, 2020 | Energy and Power
Ten most dangerous mistakes in the operation of low voltage switchgear (you should be aware of)
The Association of Steam and Electric Apparatus Owners (APAVE) generally classifies low-voltage equipment as any equipment that requires a rating of ≤ 1000 volts to operate. With a majority of electrically driven equipment falling under…...
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Dec 28, 2020 | Energy and Power ♛
The facts about numerical relays that every electrical engineer should know
The first protection devices based on microprocessors were employed in 1985. The widespread acceptance of numerical technology by the customer and the experiences of the user helped in developing the second generation numerical relays in… Read more
Dec 23, 2020 | Electrical Lectures
Troubleshooting the most typical winding problems of three phase electric motors
It’s always important to identify the real cause of burned windings and not just to replace the electric motor. Motor windings have a different appearance in all these failure situations: single-phase burnout, overload, unbalanced voltage,… Read more
Dec 21, 2020 | Electric Motor
Mastering switchgear control circuits: trip, BCPU and alarm, indication, and interlock circuits
In the last article, an introductory part of the switchgear control circuits, including DC/AC circuit and breaker closing circuit, was discussed thoroughly. This article continues the discussion with a breaker trip circuit, bay control-protection unit…...
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Dec 14, 2020 | Medium Voltage ♛
Exciting and inrush currents in transformers that often make protection relays go crazy
If normal voltage is impressed across the primary terminals of a transformer with its secondary open-circuited, a small exciting current flows. This exciting current consists of two components, the loss component and the magnetizing component…. Read more
Dec 07, 2020 | Protection
Mastering switchgear control circuits – AC/DC circuits and circuit breaker closing circuit
Control circuits are vital to the operation of medium voltage switchgear. The integrity of these control circuits is essential to the switchgear’s proper operation, so commissioning and maintenance activities records are extremely important for troubleshooting…...
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Nov 30, 2020 | Medium Voltage ♛
Your Cyber Monday in EEP! Save Big on Premium Membership and Video Courses
Hello, hope all is well with you! It’s our pleasure to share with you two Cyber Monday deals for our new electrical engineers, expiring on December 3rd: 20% on EEP Pro Premium Membership and 30%… Read more
Nov 26, 2020 | Energy and Power
The most used types of single-phase motors in the world
You should know that single-phase motors are rarely rated above 5 kW. Fractional-kilowatt motors, most of which are single-phase, account for 80−90% of the total number of motors manufactured and for 20−30% of the total… Read more
Nov 23, 2020 | Electric Motor
My experience in drafting the layout & arrangement drawing of 33/11 kV distribution substation
Medium voltage substations fall within the sub-transmission power system category, which feeds the bulk consumers directly or facilitates the secondary and tertiary distribution to small industrial and household consumers over an area after a suitable…...
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Nov 17, 2020 | Medium Voltage ♛
Improving the cybersecurity of substations using intrusion detection
Multiple layers are necessary to ensure the cybersecurity of substations. Cryptography allows authentication of devices, but not all attacks can be prevented with these measures. Firewalls and “air gaps” can be circumvented through existing remote… Read more
Nov 16, 2020 | Power Substation
Ohmic relay applications for protecting power system, lines and generators
This class of relays was originally used to protect transmission lines and were believed to measure the distance from the relay location to a fault. Currently, several types are applied to power systems for protecting… Read more
Nov 09, 2020 | Protection
Mastering Motor Control Center (MCC): Wiring diagrams and equipment from zero to hero
Motor control center (MCC) was introduced back in 1937 to place different motor starters in one cabinet to save space. It is a modular cabinet that supplies and controls motors, which is usually a tailor-made…...
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Nov 02, 2020 | Electric Motor ♛
