RTUs (remote terminal units) are now made from small computers. Shortly after this began, controller algorithms were programmed into the RTU. Flow totalizers, power factor calculators, and logic solvers soon… Read more
Apr 02, 2018 | Industrial Automation
The design of the insulation system for metal-enclosed switchgear is based upon life expectancy of about 30 years. However, environmental conditions such as dirt, moisture, and corrosive atmosphere can shorten… Read more
Mar 28, 2018 | Medium Voltage
When specifying and planning medium voltage switchgear for a substation, functions and influencing factors must be matched and an economically efficient solution must be found among the offerings of manufacturers…. Read more
Mar 26, 2018 | Medium Voltage
The complete Energy Management System (EMS) system along with SCADA and the front-end systems have been identified as one of the more complex systems deployed. The only system that could…...
Mar 23, 2018 | Premium Content ♛
The purpose of in-process inspection is to ensure product conformity after each manufacturing operation. This process concerns all the manufacturing operations done by the workshop operators. Inspection during the manufacturing… Read more
Mar 21, 2018 | Low Voltage
A ground fault normally occurs in one of two ways: by accidental contact of an energized conductor with normally grounded metal, or as a result of an insulation failure of… Read more
Mar 19, 2018 | Low Voltage
The single line diagram (SLD) is the most basic of the set of diagrams that are used to document the electrical functionality of the substation. Its emphasis is on communicating… Read more
Mar 14, 2018 | Power Substation
This technical article explains the AC/DC schematic representation of the protection and control systems used on power networks. This includes AC schematics and DC schematics and diagrams that prominently feature… Read more
Mar 12, 2018 | Power Substation
There are few switching situations that differ from the duties standardized for switching devices in transmission and distribution systems. One of these special situations are generator-current breaking. Generator circuit-breakers are…...
Mar 09, 2018 | Premium Content ♛
When a CT manufacturer says that he is unable to manufacture the requested CT, nine times out of ten this is because the CT has been incorrectly specified. To eliminate… Read more
Mar 07, 2018 | Energy and Power
