Protection of pumped storage power plants using vacuum generator circuit breaker (VGCB)
The pumped storage power plants (PSPP) are one of the commercially proven methods available for grid-scale energy storage. Building additional PSPPs particularly in the areas with high installed capacities of… Read more
Jul 01, 2019 | Energy and Power
Lightning protection system – How much of design and material is really needed?
Within this article, an overview of fundamental principles regarding design and construction of lightning protection system (LPS) will be given. Relevant IEC 62305 standard will be used as a reference…....
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Differential protection of a transmission line with digital communication via pilot wires
Wire connections have a limited transmission bandwidth (3.4 kHz in the case of telephone twisted pairs). In the past they were used for differential protection with analog (50 Hz) measured… Read more
Jun 26, 2019 | Protection
MV/LV transformers – The most common power supply in low voltage networks
The general term power supply in LV networks refers to the supply of electrical energy. The power supply, and more generally the different supplies, are provided by sources (mains supply,… Read more
Jun 24, 2019 | Energy and Power
Fuses as the oldest and simplest method of protecting rural distribution systems
Fuses are the oldest and simplest methods of protecting rural networks. There is no method as simple as fuses, but don’t be tricked, modern fuses are very reliable devices. All… Read more
Jun 19, 2019 | Protection
Using earth & phase directional protection where power flow direction might change
Directional protection relay is often used in all network parts in which the direction of flow of power might change, notably in the instance of a short circuit between phases… Read more
Jun 17, 2019 | Protection
The most important precautions during commissioning and start up of LV switchgear
Low voltage switchgear can often be very complex and expensive piece of electrical equipment, usually representing one of the most critical and crucial parts of the project. In order to…...
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Typical electrical distribution scheme and SCADA system of an oil/gas production plant
Power can be provided from mains power or from local gas turbines or diesel generator sets. Large facilities have high power demands, from 30 MW and upwards to several hundred… Read more
Jun 12, 2019 | Energy Generation
Major components you can spot while looking at opened LV and MV switchboards
Depending on the size of the building or factory site and whether the supply is high voltage or low voltage, there may be requirements for both a main high voltage… Read more
Jun 10, 2019 | Low Voltage
Fire behaviour and construction safety precautions for installation of cables and conductors
Although the type of cable and conductor is the determining factor in the fire behaviour of ducts and conduits, the choice of cable tray type and the installation of the… Read more
Jun 05, 2019 | Energy and Power
What is the unit protection and why it’s widely used in transmission networks
The whole power system must be protected. This is achieved by dividing it into overlapping zones. If a fault occurs in a particular zone, only the protection system covering that… Read more
Jun 03, 2019 | Protection
Eight common mistakes in reading and creating single line and wiring diagrams
As I wrote in one of my previous articles, called How to read single line and wiring diagrams, single line diagrams are simplified and digest picture of whole switchboard, showing…...
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Integration of IEC 61850 in power plant automation, control, and protection systems
IEC 61850 is much more than a protocol. The general scope of the standard is designed to support the communication of all functions being performed in a substation. Its main… Read more
May 29, 2019 | Power Substation
Solving the architectural and reliability puzzle of a protection and control system
This technical article discusses some of the basics of protection and control as successfully used for decades. Majority of these general requirements will have to be retained by new communication-based… Read more
May 27, 2019 | Power Substation
The theory behind reactive energy compensation that every engineer should know
Reactive energy compensation is an essential process in improving energy efficiency. It reduces the power consumption and thus its cost, enables optimum use of installations by preventing them being oversized,… Read more
May 22, 2019 | Electrical Lectures
