Energy and Power
Fire-Fighting Precautions in Power Substation
The layout of the plant and the design of the building play a major part in reducing the spread of fire and the effect of explosions. For example, equipment and buildings should be arranged to have vents which rupture rather… Read more
Oct 09, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
Overcurrent protection of transformer (NEC 450.3)
The overcurrent protection required for transformers is consider for Protection of Transformer only. Such overcurrent protection will not necessarily protect the primary or secondary conductors or equipment connected on the secondary side of the transformer. Introduction Overcurrent protection of transformers… Read more
Oct 08, 2012 | By Jignesh Parmar
Energy and Power
Disturbances In LV Networks Due To Surges
There are two types of surge: those generated by a lightning impact and those resulting from electrical switchgear switching operations. Surges resulting from lightning strokes (see figure below) can affect all electrical installations. Consequently, they are without doubt the main… Read more
Oct 06, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
How to Protect Capacitor Banks?
Capacitor banks are used to compensate for reactive energy absorbed by electrical system loads, and sometimes to make up filters to reduce harmonic voltage. Their role is to improve the quality of the electrical system. They may be connected in… Read more
Oct 05, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Industrial Automation
Basic steps in PLC programming for beginners
The first step in developing a control program is the definition of the control task. The control task specifies what needs to be done and is defined by those who are involved in the operation of the machine or process…. Read more
Oct 04, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Transformers
Dry Transformer Percent Impedance Definition
The percent impedance is the percent voltage required to circulate rated current flow through one transformer winding when another winding is short-circuited at the rated voltage tap at rated frequency. %Z is related to the short circuit capacity of the transformer during short… Read more
Oct 03, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Definitions of Abnormal Voltage Conditions
A sag is a temporary reduction in the normal AC voltage. A momentary sag is a variation, which lasts for a period of 0.5 cycle to about 2 s usually the result of a short circuit somewhere in the power system. Instances… Read more
Oct 02, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Designing of HV Power Substation and Layout
Introduction Earthing and Bonding Substation Earthing Calculation Methodology (Earthing Materials) Layout of Substation Different Layouts for Substations (single busbar, mesh, 1 1/2 cb) Principle of Substation Layouts (spatial separation, maintenance zones) Components of a Substation (cbs, cts, isolators, insulation, transformers etc.) Substations are the… Read more
Oct 01, 2012 | By sprabakar22
Transformers
Right Choice of Dry Type or Liquid-Filled Transformer
1. Two Types of Transformers 2. Cooling and insulating system 3. Losses 4. Operating Life of Transformer 5. Maintainability 6. Repairability 7. Core/Coil Reclamation and Recycling 8. Operating Sound Level and Noise Pollution 9. Footprint 0. Conclusion Information on the… Read more
Sep 29, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Overview of Single Phase Induction Type Energy Meter
Single phase induction type energy meter is also popularly known as watt-hour meter. This name is given to it. This article is only focused about its constructional features and its working. Induction type energy meter essentially consists of following components:… Read more
Sep 28, 2012 | By Bipul Raman
Energy and Power
What is the difference between Bonding, Grounding and Earthing?
One of the most misunderstood and confused concept is difference between Bonding, Grounding and Earthing. Bonding is more clear word compare to Grounding and Earthing, but there is a micro difference between Grounding and Earthing. Earthing and Grounding are actually… Read more
Sep 27, 2012 | By Jignesh Parmar
Energy and Power
How Sensitive Circuits Are Affected By Noise And What Can You Do About It?
Noise is only important if it is measured in relation to the communication signal, which carries the data or information. Electronic receiving circuits for digital communications have a broad voltage range, which determines whether a signal is binary bit ‘1’… Read more
Sep 26, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Inspection of Ground-Fault Protection Systems
This type of protection is defined by the NEC (National Electrical Code) to ensure protection against fire on electrical power installations. To ensure protection against fire: The NEC defines the use of an RCD with very low sensitivity called GFP IEC… Read more
Sep 25, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Testing and Commissioning of Metal-Clad Switchgear
Electrical testing and commissioning of Metal-Clad switchgear is essential to the safe start for the first time, regardless of its size, type or industry. This article covers testing and start-up / commisioning procedures for all the components of medium voltage… Read more
Sep 24, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Surge Protection of Electronic Equipment
Generally, power circuits have components that have large thermal capacities, which make it impossible for them to attain very high temperatures quickly except during very large or long disturbances. This requires correspondingly large surge energies. Also, the materials that constitute… Read more
Sep 22, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
