Energy and Power
High resistance grounding equipment in mining applications
High resistance grounding equipment or permanently installed electrical distribution systems used in mines should be selected and applied as recommended for process industries. When mobile equipment is connected to the distribution system the grounding equipment and the ground fault protection should be designed… Read more
Aug 22, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Overview Of Power System Architecture
The various components of a power system can be arranged in different ways. The complexity of the resulting architecture determines the availability of electrical energy and the cost of the investment. Selection of an architecture for a given application is… Read more
Aug 21, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
An Overview Of Smart Power Grid
The present electric grids use the technology of 1970’s. But with the advancement in various concepts of power generation, problems associated with power outages and thefts, and also due to increase in demand, we require a modernized grid to avail… Read more
Aug 20, 2012 | By vinod ramireddy
Energy and Power
Properties of Relay Contact System
The word “contact“ not only describes the conductive connection ot two mechanically separate electrical conductors, but also the conductive parts (contacts) even if they are not touching. Contacts comprise: Non switching contacts as in connectors being opened only for service… Read more
Aug 18, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Site Conditions Impact on Caterpillar Genset Ratings
An engine rating is primarily limited by structural and thermal limits. These limits include maximum cylinder pressure during combustion, turbocharger speed, exhaust gas temperature and in natural gas engines, fuel type. Where an engine operates relative to these limits will determine the maximum altitude and ambient… Read more
Aug 17, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
Protecting Oil Type Transformer with Buchholz Relay
Buchholz relay is a gas-actuated relay installed in oil immersed transformers for protection against all kinds of faults. Named afteri ts inventor mr. Max Buchholz (1875–1956) in 1921, relay is used to produce an alarm in case of incipient (i.e.slow-developing) faults… Read more
Aug 16, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electrical Lectures
Water-and-Pipe Analogy for Ohm’s Law
Ohm’s Law also makes intuitive sense if you apply it to the water-and-pipe analogy. If we have a water pump that exerts pressure (voltage) to push water around a ”circuit” (current) through a restriction (resistance), we can model how the three… Read more
Aug 15, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Smart Grid
Smart grid deployment, what we’ve done so far
The many smart grid technology areas – each consisting of sets of individual technologies – span the entire grid, from generation through transmission and distribution to various types of electricity consumers. Some of the technologies are actively being deployed and are… Read more
Aug 14, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electrical Lectures
Electric Shock Current, Where Does It Go?
As we’ve already know, electricity requires a complete path (circuit) to continuously flow. This is why the shock received from static electricity is only a momentary jolt: the flow of electrons is necessarily brief when static charges are equalized between… Read more
Aug 13, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
Delayed Auto-Reclosing On EHV Systems
On highly interconnected transmission systems, where the loss of a single line is unlikely to cause two sections of the system to drift apart significantly and lose synchronism, delayed auto-reclosing can be employed. Dead times of the order of 5s-60s are commonly used…. Read more
Aug 11, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
Primary Distribution Voltage Levels
Most distribution voltages are between 4 and 35 kV. In this article, unless otherwise specified, voltages are given as line-to-line voltages; this follows normal industry practice, but it is sometimes a source of confusion. The four major voltage classes are… Read more
Aug 10, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
The Structure Of Power System
An interconnected power system is a complex enterprise that may be subdivided into the following major subsystems: Generation Subsystem Transmission and Subtransmission Subsystem Distribution Subsystem Utilization Subsystem Generation subsystem includes generators and transformers. An essential component of power systems is… Read more
Aug 09, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Principles of Transformers in Parallel Connection (part 2)
In ideal parallel operating of power transformers, the current in each transformer is directly proportional to its capacity, and the arithmetic sum equals one-half of the total current. This is rarely accomplished because to minor discrepancies in transformers. Nonetheless, some… Read more
Aug 08, 2012 | By Jignesh Parmar
Electric Motor
Basics of 3-phase Induction Motor (part 4)
When a motor is expected to operate in unfavorable conditions such as: Intermittent overloading Higher ambient temperatures A restricted temperature rise as for a spinning mill, A refinery or a hazardous area Frequent starts, stops and reverses or any such… Read more
Aug 07, 2012 | By Asif Eqbal
Energy and Power
Principles of Transformers in Parallel Connection
For supplying a load in excess of the rating of an existing transformer, two or more transformers may be connected in parallel with the existing transformer. The transformers are connected in parallel when load on one of the transformers is… Read more
Aug 06, 2012 | By Jignesh Parmar
