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Technical Articles

Power Substation

Mastering Interlock Logic and Schemes for a Gas-Insulated Substation (132 kV GIS Example)

As we delve deeper into this article, we will explore the various types of interlocking mechanisms used for Gas-Insulated Substation (GIS), their applications in substations, power plants, and electrical installations, as well as their significance in ensuring the sustained safety…...

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Oct 30, 2023 | By

Mastering Interlock Logic and Schemes for a Gas-Insulated Substation (132 kV GIS Example)
Power Substation

A comprehensive guide to voltage transformer (VT) circuit supervision techniques

Voltage transformer supervision, often referred to as VT fuse fail supervision relay, plays a pivotal role in safeguarding electrical systems. Its primary objective is to detect any potential failure within the voltage transformer (VT) circuit. This raises the important question:…...

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Oct 16, 2023 | By

A comprehensive guide to voltage transformer (VT) circuit supervision techniques
Power Substation

The art of the transmission switchyard design: The physical layout engineering (Case study included)

This article aims to shed some light on the so-called physical engineering activity in switchyard design in conjunction with some engineering computations. The physical layout engineering tackles the plot plan and SLD to optimize the area and coordinate with all…...

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Oct 02, 2023 | By

The art of the transmission switchyard design: The physical layout engineering (Case study included)
Premium Content

Mastering stability test of power transformer: Differential and Restricted Earth Fault (REF) protection

This technical article discusses the essentials of transformer differential protection and restricted earth fault protection schemes, contrasting the two and elaborating on why the latter is necessary. Furthermore, it reveals the outcomes of stability tests performed on a 502 MVA…...

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Sep 25, 2023 | By

Mastering stability test of power transformer: Differential and REF protection
Maintenance

Field secrets and warnings in power transformer mechanical check and visual inspection

Let’s discuss the visual and mechanical inspection procedures for oil-filled power transformers. It’s important, very important to examine a variety of key checkpoints, both external and internal to transformers, all based on the IEC 60076 standard. Each item on the…...

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Sep 11, 2023 | By

Field secrets and warnings in power transformer mechanical check and visual inspection
Premium Content

A comprehensive guide to correct calculation for transformer differential relay settings

In this technical article, we will delve into the comprehensive methodology of calculating the differential relay settings for the GE P642 relay. Each step of the process will be explored, from data collection to final setting determination. By following these…...

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Aug 28, 2023 | By

A comprehensive guide to correct calculation for transformer differential relay settings
Power Substation

Never underestimate how important it is to choose the right CT size in fault detection and protection

In the realm of electrical power systems, current transformers (CTs) play a vital role in accurately measuring and monitoring current levels. Proper sizing of CTs is essential to ensure their adequacy and enable reliable operation within specified limits. This article…...

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Aug 14, 2023 | By

Never underestimate how important it is to choose the right CT size in fault detection and protection
Energy Generation

The art of generator synchronization techniques that every true engineer MUST know about

There are two main types of generator synchronization techniques: manual and automatic. The operator performs speed and voltage adjustments on the generator and issues the breaker closure command during a manual synchronization. Manual synchronization, in its purest form, is done…...

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Aug 07, 2023 | By

The art of synchronizing generator to the grid by adjusting the generator speed and voltage
Maintenance

Hints and warnings for proper installing, earthing and testing of current transformers

Welcome to the third and final part of our comprehensive series on current transformers (CTs) and their secondary circuits. In Parts 1 and 2, we covered various aspects of CT operation, secondary injection testing, burden calculations, CT circuit connections, safety…...

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Jul 31, 2023 | By

Hints and warnings for proper installing, earthing and testing of current transformers


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