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Technical Articles

Energy and Power

Moving Iron Instruments – Voltmeter and Ammeter

Moving-iron instruments are generally used to measure alternating voltages and currents. In moving-iron instruments the movable system consists of one or more pieces of specially-shaped soft iron, which are so… Read more

Nov 13, 2011 | By Bipul Raman

Analog ammeter and voltmeter designed to measure a.c. current and a.c. voltage
Energy and Power

Medium voltage circuit breaker operating sequence

Rated switching sequence according to IEC, O – t – CO – t’ – CO. (cf. opposite diagram): O – Represents opening operation CO – Represents closing operation followed immediately… Read more

Nov 10, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi

Automatic reclosing cycle of medium voltage circuit breaker
Transformers

Sources of Sound in Transformers

Unlike cooling-fan or pump noise, the sound radiated from a transformer is tonal in nature, consisting of even harmonics of the power frequency. It is generally recognized that the predominant… Read more

Nov 09, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi

Sources of Sound in Transformers
Biomass Energy

Biodiesel – Myths and Facts

Few facts you most probably know already, but never the less to mention: A clean burning alternative fuel, produced from domestic, renewable resources such as plant oils, animal fats, used… Read more

Nov 05, 2011 | By Bipul Raman

Biodiesel cycle
Protection

Transformer Winding Faults

A fault on a transformer winding is controlled in magnitude by the following factors: Source impedance Neutral earthing impedance Transformer leakage reactance Fault voltage Winding connection Several distinct cases arise… Read more

Nov 02, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi

transformer-winding-faults-front
Energy and Power

The Importance of the Correct PPE

Whilst awareness of the dangers of arc flash has continued to increase over the last few years, the number of incidents that are still occurring on a daily basis are… Read more

Oct 29, 2011 | By cgoulds

Electrical safety
Transformers

Transformer Testing Techniques

Cant see this video? Click here to watch it on Youtube. Substation transformers can range from the size of a garbage can to the size of a small house; they… Read more

Oct 27, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi

Electronics

Power Semiconductor Device – Transistor

Power transistors are used in applications ranging from a few to several hundred kilowatts and switching frequencies up to about 10 kHz. Power transistors used in power conversion applications are… Read more

Oct 27, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi

NEC 2SD555 NPN POWER TRANSISTOR VCB=400V 10A 200W TO-3


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