Energy and Power
UK Electrical Industry British Standards (BS)
These standards are the whole of the prescriptions on the basis of which machines, apparatus, materials and the installations should be designed, manufactured and tested so that efficiency and function safety are ensured – and all according to the UK Electrical… Read more
Jan 20, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Cables
EHV/HV Underground Cable Sheath Earthing (part 1/2)
In urban areas, high voltage underground cables are commonly used for the transmission and distribution of electricity. Such high voltage cables have metallic sheaths or screens surrounding the conductors, and/or armour and metallic wires surrounding the cables. During earth faults… Read more
Jan 19, 2012 | By Jignesh Parmar
High Voltage
Segregated Phase Bus System
In this construction all the phases are housed in one metallic enclosure as earlier, but with a metallic barrier between each phase, as illustrated in Figure 1. The metallic barriers provide the required magnetic shielding and isolate the busbars magnetically from each other, like an… Read more
Jan 18, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
How lightning really works? (video)
A lightning discharge develops in three stages: first, the collisions between ice particles and water droplets together with gravity separate positive and negative charges inside the thunder cloud and buildup a voltage. Then a discharge grows, forming a so-called streamer-leader… Read more
Jan 17, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Lighting
Luminous Measurement Graphic Representation
The collection of luminous intensity emitted by a source of light in all directions is known asluminous distribution. The sources of light used in practice have a more or less large luminous surface, whose radiation intensity is affected by the… Read more
Jan 16, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electric Motor
Synchronous Motor Construction
Synchronous motors convert electrical power to mechanical power and synchronous generators convert mechanical power to electrical power; and synchronous condensers supply only reactive power to stabilize system voltages. Synchronous motors, generators, and condensers perform similarly, except for a heavy cage winding on the… Read more
Jan 14, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electrical Lectures
What Is The Potential Difference?
Potential difference is the term used to describe how large the electrostatic force is between two charged objects. If a charged body is placed between two objects with a potential difference, the charged body will try to move in one direction, depending upon the polarity of the object. If… Read more
Jan 13, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Effective Resistance Of Busbars
The construction of busbar is usually carried out by putting together several flat bars in parallel for each phase. The spacing between the bars is made equal to their thickness for practical reasons, and this leads to skin and proximity effects. If one refers to… Read more
Jan 12, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy Efficiency
Potential Energy Savings In Utility Buildings Using EIB
Flexibility, utilisation value and energy saving are the three main requirements for utility buildings (administration, office and public buildings, schools, hospitals, etc.). Apart from recouping investment costs, so-called life-cycle costs are also becoming increasingly important. These are made up of… Read more
Jan 11, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Operation Of Potentially Explosive Installations – The Directive 99/92/EC
In addition to the 94/9/EC Directive, which regulates how explosion protected equipment and protective systems are placed on the market and the design, construction and quality requirements to be met by them, the 99/92/EC Directive stating “Minimum requirements for improving the health and safety protection… Read more
Jan 09, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Transformers
12 Main Classes Of Power Transformer
Transformers are used for a wide variety of purposes, with the complete range of voltage and power ratings as well as many special features for particular applications. The following covers the main types: Transformers for electronic circuits or for low-voltage… Read more
Jan 08, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electric Motor
How to select AC converter for VSD?
Altough manufacturers’ catalogues try to make it easy as possible, there are many variables associated with the selection and rating of the optimum electric motor and AC converter for a Variable Speed Drive (VSD) application. In many cases, it requires… Read more
Jan 06, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Voltage and Current Phase Relationships in an Inductive Circuit
Any change in current in a coil (either a rise or a fall) causes a corresponding change of the magnetic flux around the coil. Because the current changes at its maximum rate when it is going through its zero value… Read more
Jan 05, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Renewable Energy
Photovoltaic End-Use Application Markets
Photovoltaic markets can be classified based on the end-use application of the technology. The most common PV projects are off-grid applications. Water pumping also represents an important application of PV, particularly in developing countries. The largest long-term market potential for… Read more
Jan 04, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Medium Voltage
ABB MV Switchgear – Single Busbar Or Double Busbar?
Most switchgear installations used in industry with normal service conditions are based on single busbar arrangements. Compared to double busbar switchgear, single busbar switchgear is definitely easier to use, readily understood by operators, requires less space, and the total cost of installation… Read more
Jan 03, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
