Differential protection of a transmission line with digital communication via pilot wires

Wire connections have a limited transmission bandwidth (3.4 kHz in the case of telephone twisted pairs). In the past they were used for differential protection with analog (50 Hz) measured… Read more

Jun 26, 2019 | Protection

MV/LV transformers – The most common power supply in low voltage networks

The general term power supply in LV networks refers to the supply of electrical energy. The power supply, and more generally the different supplies, are provided by sources (mains supply,… Read more

Jun 24, 2019 | Energy and Power

Fuses as the oldest and simplest method of protecting rural distribution systems

Fuses are the oldest and simplest methods of protecting rural networks. There is no method as simple as fuses, but don’t be tricked, modern fuses are very reliable devices. All… Read more

Jun 19, 2019 | Protection

Using earth & phase directional protection where power flow direction might change

Directional protection relay is often used in all network parts in which the direction of flow of power might change, notably in the instance of a short circuit between phases… Read more

Jun 17, 2019 | Protection

The most important precautions during commissioning and start up of LV switchgear

Low voltage switchgear can often be very complex and expensive piece of electrical equipment, usually representing one of the most critical and crucial parts of the project. In order to…...

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Jun 13, 2019 | Low Voltage ♛

Typical electrical distribution scheme and SCADA system of an oil/gas production plant

Power can be provided from mains power or from local gas turbines or diesel generator sets. Large facilities have high power demands, from 30 MW and upwards to several hundred… Read more

Jun 12, 2019 | Energy Generation

Major components you can spot while looking at opened LV and MV switchboards

Depending on the size of the building or factory site and whether the supply is high voltage or low voltage, there may be requirements for both a main high voltage… Read more

Jun 10, 2019 | Low Voltage

Fire behaviour and construction safety precautions for installation of cables and conductors

Although the type of cable and conductor is the determining factor in the fire behaviour of ducts and conduits, the choice of cable tray type and the installation of the… Read more

Jun 05, 2019 | Energy and Power

What is the unit protection and why it’s widely used in transmission networks

The whole power system must be protected. This is achieved by dividing it into overlapping zones. If a fault occurs in a particular zone, only the protection system covering that… Read more

Jun 03, 2019 | Protection

Eight common mistakes in reading and creating single line and wiring diagrams

In order to create consistent and technically correct single line or wiring diagram, more than basic knowledge about engineering field in question is required. Besides electrical installation and equipment, design engineer should be...

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May 30, 2019 | Electrical Lectures ♛