Cables
Ionization (Corona Discharge) Tests
The ionization test is used primarily for detecting ionization (corona discharge) and slot discharge in generator windings. Both ionization and slot discharge may cause deterioration of insulation. Ionization generally occurs in voids inside the insulation within the ground shield section… Read more
Sep 24, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Complete overview of lightning arresters (1)
Lightning can create voltage surges in several of the following ways. Lightning can score a direct hit on your house. It can strike the overhead power line which enters your house, or a main power line that is blocks away… Read more
Sep 23, 2011 | By Jignesh Parmar
Transformers
Understanding Transformer Polarity
With power or distribution transformers, polarity is important only if the need arises to parallel transformers to gain additional capacity or to hook up three single-phase transformers to make a three-phase bank. The way the connections are made affects angular… Read more
Sep 23, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Cables
Understanding Underground Electric Transmission Cables
Underground cables have different technical requirements than overhead lines and have different environmental impacts. Due to their different physical, environmental, and construction needs, underground transmission generally costs more and may be more complicated to construct than overhead lines. The design… Read more
Sep 21, 2011 | By Bipul Raman
Low Voltage
Types Of Electrical Power Distribution Systems You Should Know About
Electrical power is distribution either three wires or four wires (3 wire for phases and 1 wire for Neutral). Voltage between phase to phase called Line Voltage and voltage between phase and neutral is called Phase Voltage. This forth wire… Read more
Sep 19, 2011 | By Jignesh Parmar
Environment
Want to live and use energy on Mars? Why not?
The problem of energy accessibility and production on Mars is one of the three main challenges for the upcoming colonisation of the red planet. The energetic potential on its turn is mainly dependent on the astrophysical characteristics of the planet…. Read more
Sep 17, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Virus-Powered Battery
Engineers at MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) have figured out a way to deal with virus that is better than just killing them: they’re putting them to work. The researchers have developed a new technique wherein a key component of… Read more
Sep 16, 2011 | By Bipul Raman
Energy and Power
Ready for wind power? It’s time.
Galloping climate change and dwindling supplies of fossil fuels are driving ever-greater interest in renewable energy. As a result, wind energy is booming worldwide. Not since the heyday of the American farm windmill has wind energy grown at such a… Read more
Sep 15, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electronics
State Machine Design
Written by Ray Salemi State machines are a foundation of digital design. Eventually we all reach the point where we need to control our digital algorithm, and we almost always turn to a state machine to do the job. Because… Read more
Sep 14, 2011 | By elaina
High Voltage
GIS vs AIS – Substation Earthing
Compressed SF6 gas used in MV and HV switchgears as an insulating medium has led to the development of compact gas-insulated substation (CIS) technology (figure 1). GIS , having many advantages over often used and conventional air-insulated substations (AIS), have… Read more
Sep 12, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Lighting
Illuminance recommendations
Recommended minimum illuminances (E) for typical interior lighting tasks. The illuminances are aimed at a lighting level appropriate to the specific visual tasks to be performed in the space or in a part of the space. They do not include… Read more
Sep 10, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
What Is a Load Break Switch?
A load break switch is a disconnect switch that has been designed to provide making or breaking of specified currents. This is accomplished by addition of equipment that increases the operating speed of the disconnect switch blade and the addition… Read more
Sep 08, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
Oil-Filled Equipment in Substation – IEEE 980-1994 (R2001)
A number of electrical apparatus installed in substations are filled with oil that provides the necessary insulation characteristics and assures their required performance. Electrical faults in this power equipment can produce arcing and excessive temperatures that may vaporize insulating oil,… Read more
Sep 07, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
AIS – Air insulated substations
In large, modern AC power systems, the transmission and distribution systems function to deliver bulk power from generating sources to users at the load centers. Transmission systems generally include generation switchyards, interconnecting transmission lines, autotransformers, switching stations, and step-down transformers…. Read more
Sep 06, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Animal deterrents and security in substation
The vast majority of electrical utility substations designed to transform transmission voltages to distribution class voltages employ an open-air design. The configurations may vary, but usually consist of equipment that utilizes polymer or porcelain insulators or bushings to create electrically… Read more
Sep 05, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
