Electric Motor
Cooling and Ventilation of Electric Motors (IC)
All rotating electrical machines generate heat as a result of the electrical and mechanical losses inside the machine. Losses are high during starting or dynamic braking. Also, losses usually increase with increased loading. Cooling is necessary to continuously transfer the… Read more
Aug 08, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Transformers
Life Cycle Cost of Transformers
To perform the economical analysis of transformer, it is necessary to calculate its life cycle cost, sometimes called total cost of ownership, over the life span of transformer or, in other words, the capitalised cost of the transformer. All these… Read more
Aug 06, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Principles for Controlling Harmonics
Harmonic distortion is caused by nonlinear devices in the power system. A nonlinear device is one in which the current is not proportional to the applied voltage. Harmonic distortion is present to some degree on all power systems. Fundamentally, one… Read more
Aug 05, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Industrial Automation
How Stuxnet (PLC virus) spreads – Part 3
Continued from How Stuxnet (PLC virus) spreads – Part 2 » Read here Given the well-secured industrial control system described above, how could a worm like Stuxnet ever penetrate all the way to the PLCs? Yet clearly it did – Siemens… Read more
Aug 03, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Medium Voltage
Standards and applications of medium voltage Bus Duct
Bus duct is used for the effective and efficient supply of electricity in mostly industrial locations. Copper or aluminum is used for the conductor of bus duct that be insulated and enclosed completely for protection against mechanical damage and dust… Read more
Aug 01, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
DC to AC Transfer – Measurement
General transfer capability is essential to the measurement of voltage, current, power, and energy. The standard cell, the unit of voltage which it preserves, and the unit of current derived from it in combination with a standard of resistance are… Read more
Jul 30, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electric Motor
AC motors – Protection against short circuits
Every electric motor has operating limits. Overshooting these limits will eventually destroy it and the systems it drives, the immediate effect being operating shutdown and losses. A short circuit is a direct contact between two points of different electric potential:… Read more
Jul 29, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Resistive heating explained in details
Whenever an electric current flows through a material that has some resistance (i.e., anything but a superconductor), it creates heat. This resistive heating is the result of “friction,” as created by microscopic phenomena such as retarding forces and collisions involving… Read more
Jul 27, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Materials with magnetic properties
All materials have magnetic properties. These characteristic properties may be divided into five groups as follows: Diamagnetic Paramagnetic Ferromagnetic Antiferromagnetic Ferrimagnetic Only ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic materials have properties which are useful in practical applications. Ferromagnetic properties are confined almost entirely… Read more
Jul 26, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Solar Power
Solar Panels and Feed-in Tariffs – The Intricacies of Solar Power
At its most basic, Solar Power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity; either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP). CSP systems use a combination of lenses/mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area… Read more
Jul 25, 2011 | By carlor10
Industrial Automation
How Stuxnet (PLC virus) spreads – Part 2
Continued from How Stuxnet (PLC virus) spreads – Part 1 » Read here Stuxnet is a computer worm designed to infect Siemens SIMATIC WinCC and S7 PLC products, either installed as part of a PCS 7 system, or operating on… Read more
Jul 23, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
News
Siemens – CO2 Capture Technology Ready for Big Projects
A pilot project covered by Siemens and E.ON has shown that emissions of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide from any power plants can be effectively captured in projects they have demonstrated. More than 90% of the carbon dioxide (CO2) was… Read more
Jul 22, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Industrial Automation
How Stuxnet (PLC virus) spreads – Part 1
The Stuxnet worm is a sophisticated piece of computer malware designed to sabotage industrial processes controlled by Siemens SIMATIC WinCC and PCS 7 control systems. The worm used both known and previously unknown vulnerabilities to install, infect and propagate, and… Read more
Jul 20, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Lighting
Visibility and visual performance of good lighting
Human beings need to be informed about their surroundings in order to perform their activities in an easy and harmless fashion. Most information about the environment reaches human beings through their eyes. Therefore, it is of a visual nature. The… Read more
Jul 18, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Wind Power
What Size Wind Turbine Do I Need?
The size of the wind turbine you need depends on your application. Small turbines range in size from 20 watts to 100 kilowatts. The smaller or “micro” (20–500-watt) turbines are used in a variety of applications such as charging batteries… Read more
Jul 16, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
