Transformers
Current transformers (CTs) in a few words
A current transformer is defined as as an instrument transformer in which the secondary current is substantially proportional to the primary current (under normal conditions of operation) and differs in phase from it by an angle which is approximately zero… Read more
Mar 18, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Low Voltage
Surge protection of cells and inverter – DC side
Providing power with photovoltaic solar panels is tremendously interesting in the context of renewable energy sources, as regards economical LV photovoltaic systems connected to the public electricity network. Because of their exposition , frequently in isolated sites and of the… Read more
Mar 17, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Biomass Energy
Benefits of biomass energy
Biomass in the form of fuelwood was perhaps the first energy source used by human beings and was the main fuel till the industrial revolution, after which fossil fuels like coal and oil replaced biomass as the main fuels. Biomass… Read more
Mar 16, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electric Motor
Induction machines – historical touch
Faraday discovered the electromagnetic induction law around 1831 and Maxwell formulated the laws of electricity (or Maxwell’s equations) around 1860. The knowledge was ripe for the invention of the induction machine which has two fathers: Galileo Ferraris (1885) and Nicola… Read more
Mar 15, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Wind Power
Offshore Wind
As on land, offshore wind developers have to ensure that their turbines and transmission infrastructure do not interfere with marine life and ecosystems. National regulations ensure that project developers assess in both qualitative and quantitative terms the expected environmental impacts… Read more
Mar 14, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Transformers
How to choose transformer rating?
When an installation is to be supplied directly from a MV/LV transformer and the maximum apparent-power loading of the installation has been determined, a suitable rating for the transformer can be decided, taking into account the following considerations: The possibility… Read more
Mar 12, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Tesla’s death, New York Times 1943
Tesla died alone in the hotel New Yorker of heart failure, some time between the evening of January 5 and the morning of January 8, 1943. Despite selling his AC electricity patents, Tesla was essentially destitute and died with significant… Read more
Mar 11, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
How circuit breaker trip unit works?
In addition to providing a means to open and close its contacts manually, a circuit breaker must automatically open its contacts when an overcurrent condition is sensed. The trip unit is the part of the circuit breaker that determines when… Read more
Mar 10, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Calculating lightning strike distance
Return stroke current magnitude and strike distance (length of the last stepped leader) are interrelated. A number of equations have been proposed for determining the striking distance. The principal ones are as follows: S = 2 x I + 30(1−e… Read more
Mar 09, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Metering
D’Arsonval Meter Movement
The most commonly used sensing mechanism used in DC ammeters, voltmeters, and ohm meters is a current-sensing device called a D’Arsonval meter movement (Figure 1). The D’Arsonval movement is a DC moving coil-type movement in which an electromagnetic core is… Read more
Mar 08, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Wind Power
What happens when the wind doesn’t blow?
One of the questions most often asked about wind power is ‘what happens when the wind doesn’t blow’. In the big picture wind is a vast untapped resource capable of supplying the world’s electricity needs many times over. In practical… Read more
Mar 07, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Early years of Nikola Tesla
Nikola Tesla was born “at the stroke of midnight” with lightning striking during a summer storm. He was born in Croatia in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The midwife commented, “He’ll be a child of the storm,” to which his mother replied,… Read more
Mar 05, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
Economics of GIS
The equipment cost of GIS is naturally higher than that of AIS due to the grounded metal enclosure, the provision of an LCC, and the high degree of factory assembly. A GIS is less expensive to install than an AIS…. Read more
Mar 04, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
HVAC
District heating – Heat from a central boiler plant
District heating is a system which provides a number of buildings with heat from a central boiler plant through pre-insulated pipes. Pre-insulated pipes are in fact a modern kind of heat culvert or district heating duct, but since these systems… Read more
Mar 03, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
History of the development of busbar protection
Up to the mid 1930’s, no widescale efforts had been made to protect busbars on a unit basis. Also there was reluctance in arranging one protective equipment to cause simultaneous tripping of a large number of circuits. Before the British… Read more
Mar 02, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
