The magic that isolation transformer uses to suppress transients and noise
Transformers are not perfect. Transients and noise (radio-frequency and low-level spikes) normally pass through transformers, not only by way of the magnetic lines of flux between the primary and the secondary windings but through resistive and capacitive paths between the… Read more
Jul 21, 2021 | By Edvard Csanyi
Six methods to control the flow of harmonic currents and decrease harmonic distortion limits
The first technique to control harmonic-related problems in the industry involved substantial use of single-tuned filters to offer a low-impedance path to harmonic currents. Interestingly, it is not difficult to find harmonic-producing loads in the megavolt-ampere range in the industry… Read more
Jul 19, 2021 | By Edvard Csanyi
Load flow and short circuit analysis of a MV substation (case study 33/11 kV substation in ETAP)
Designing and operating a substation is a tiresome and challenging task, which requires hefty capital, a well-trained workforce, and lots of time. With the ever-expanding nature of electricity distribution, the MV/LV power distribution substations are mushrooming everywhere. Sometimes, they are…...
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Jul 12, 2021 | By Bishal Lamichhane
Uprating and expanding existing power substations (good practice and recommendations)
All actions involving substation construction require heavy planning. This is especially true of a program of substation uprating or expansion. The trend is toward the assessment of existing substations and individual equipment to develop a predictive maintenance and substation life…...
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Jul 05, 2021 | By Edvard Csanyi
Guidelines for selecting the proper Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) for motor applications
This article addresses the Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) concept in several aspects that matter the most in selecting the proper VFD for applications. One of the important factors is the control type required for a given application since it is…...
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Jun 28, 2021 | By Salem Alshahrani
The difference in how series and shunt capacitors regulate the voltage and reactive power flows
At a casual look, a capacitor seems to be a pretty boring and unsophisticated device, that is, two metal plates separated by a dielectric insulating material. Couldn’t be simpler than that. The capacitor has no moving parts but instead functions… Read more
Jun 21, 2021 | By Edvard Csanyi
Learn how to troubleshoot the operation of distribution substations (problematic breakdowns)
The distribution substation is one of the most important yet arguably the most troublesome section of the power system. Prolonged operation and frequent switching make distribution substations more prone to breakdowns and failures. While the part of preventive maintenance is…...
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Jun 14, 2021 | By Bishal Lamichhane
Schematics and docs needed for communication systems of substation protective relaying system
Communication systems of electric utilities have become increasingly critical to electric system protection, operation, and maintenance. For fast tripping and clearing of system faults, communication-aided relaying has become a common protection scheme, particularly in line protection. Control centers depend on…...
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Jun 09, 2021 | By Edvard Csanyi
Parallel switching phenomenon when MV/HV circuit breakers interrupt a shared fault current
Parallel switching occurs when two or more circuit-breakers are tripped to interrupt a shared fault current. This is typically the case for such bus arrangements as a double breaker, breaker-and-a-half, breaker-and-a-third, and ring buses. Ideally, all of the circuit-breakers should… Read more
Jun 07, 2021 | By Edvard Csanyi
Distribution earthing systems in LV/MV networks (design instructions and precautions)
The electrical earthing system is designed to provide safe and correct operation of the network under normal, earth fault, and transient conditions. During earth fault conditions, large fault currents may flow via the general mass of the earth en route… Read more
Jun 02, 2021 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power transformers testing and commissioning at the site (instructions and precautions)
Since I started the commissioning work 30 years back, transformer commissioning consisted of more tests, but nowadays, the number of tests has been reduced due to costs and time-saving. This article will go through complete testing that needs to be…...
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May 31, 2021 | By Omar Salah
The essentials of overcurrent protection you are not allowed to forget (types and principles)
Relay protection is nowadays completely digitalized and very sophisticated; there is no doubt about that. But, do electrical engineers really understand what they do when setting parameters and navigate through endless menus on a relay? Most engineers do know, of… Read more
May 24, 2021 | By Edvard Csanyi
Dos and don’ts in operating LV/MV circuit breakers, relays, disconnectors and fuses
Typically, protecting an electrical system, low-voltage, medium-voltage, or high-voltage, whichever it is, does not entirely depend upon a single component. The protection system is often a coordinated combination of multiple switching and protection units working in tandem to acquire the…...
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May 17, 2021 | By Bishal Lamichhane
The most common failure modes of electrical equipment in distribution systems
Each piece of electrical equipment on a distribution system has a probability of failing. When first installed, a piece of equipment can fail due to poor manufacturing, damage during shipping, or improper installation. Healthy equipment can fail due to extreme… Read more
May 10, 2021 | By Edvard Csanyi
My worst experience in testing and commissioning power transformers (and how I fixed things up)
Reliable and secure electric power delivery is dependent on power transformers’ reliability that is enhanced significantly by sound test plans. These test plans shall be prepared by both manufacturers and end-users to develop thorough and effective plans and specifications. The…...
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Apr 29, 2021 | By Salem Alshahrani
