Bringing new life to an old Air-Insulated Substation (AIS)
An increasing number of substations globally are aging, while the construction of new ones is hindered by competitive limitations, rigorous environmental rules, and community acceptance issues. Simultaneously, the demand for electricity is consistently escalating, resulting in increased short circuit levels… Read more
Nov 07, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi

What is a Load Tap Changer (LTC)?
We all experienced the ocasional flickering of the house lights during evenings. This usually indicates a load tap changer (LTC) adjustment, or a sign that the bulb is about to drop dead, but that’s not the subject of this article… Read more
Nov 04, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi

Failures, Testing and Protections Associated with Field Winding of a Generator
Generator field winding is an integral part of the generator set which is responsible for generating the magnetic field that induces the stator emf when the rotor rotates. Regulation of current in this winding with the help of an AVR… Read more
Oct 30, 2024 | By Umer Nasir

Grid Application & Technical Considerations for Battery Energy Storage Systems
In the quest for a resilient and efficient power grid, Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) have emerged as a transformative solution. This technical article explores the diverse applications of BESS within the grid, highlighting the critical technical considerations that enable…...
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Oct 28, 2024 | By Muhammad Kashif

Electrical thumb rules for switching, isolating and earthing
It is essential that the electrical engineers, or operators who will be in charge of switching, isolating, and earthing operations of the switchgear have a good understanding of the rules that must be followed. In addition, it is of the…...
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Oct 21, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi

Star-delta starting used with large horsepower motors
Star-delta starting is frequently employed with high horsepower motors to mitigate inrush current during the start-up stage and to reduce starting torque. Star-delta starting involves initially connecting the motor stator windings in a star configuration during the motor startup phase,… Read more
Oct 16, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi

Automated, but hackable. Is power grid in your country safe from cyberattacks?
Yes, many of today’s power grids are very sophisticated and automated. Every single event and piece of equipment is tracked, controlled, measured, and protected. But things aren’t as bright as it seems. As we can see, it turns out that…...
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Oct 14, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi

Practical lesson in grounding and bonding of Gas-Insulated Switchgear (GIS)
With the exception of SF6-to-air bushings terminals, all active portions of gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) are contained within grounded enclosures, which means that they are not susceptible to inadvertent contact. This makes gas-insulated switchgear intrinsically safe. In addition, numerous grounding procedures… Read more
Oct 09, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi

Is storing excess energy in batteries worth integrating into the power system?
To be honest, the technology of energy storage in batteries is pretty hot nowadays. It’s smart for utilities worldwide to get in line to learn what it is and how countries can benefit from it. Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)…...
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Oct 07, 2024 | By Muhammad Kashif

The art of fault clearance in transmission systems: The logic of main and backup relays
The protection and fault clearance requires great attention. In terms of fault clearance protection, we categorize the relays into main protection relays and backup protection relays. The main protection relay is installed at all primary equipment, and it is essential… Read more
Sep 30, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi

Mastering Distance Protection and Calculations Part 2: Never Mess Up Protection Accuracy
The first part of this article series delved into the fundamentals of overcurrent protection, exploring the intricacies of relay coordination, the impact of source impedance, and the application of distance protection. These foundational concepts laid the groundwork for understanding how…...
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Sep 23, 2024 | By Muhammad Kashif

Managing power transformers in service: The most important economic aspects
Utilities are under intense pressure to maximize the use of their current transformer asset base in order to keep rates down while yet providing excellent reliability. In order to achieve higher loading during both regular and emergency operations, long-standing loading…...
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Sep 16, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi

Mastering Distance Protection and Calculations Part 1: Advice and Serious Warnings
In 2004, I embarked on an intensive nine-month training program in protection and instrumentation. This experience laid the foundation for my deep understanding of substation protection systems, combining both theoretical knowledge and practical application. The first protection scheme we delved…...
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Sep 09, 2024 | By Muhammad Kashif

Dos and don’ts in site testing and commissioning distribution and transmission plants
The objective of the site inspection and test plan for testing and commissioning is to establish a comprehensive framework for conducting site testing and commissioning activities. It’s as simple as that! The site testing and commissioning of a transmission or…...
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Sep 02, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi

Mechanical Check, Visual Inspection and Electrical Test of the Substation Grounding System (2)
At the beginning of my career in 2005, I had the opportunity to work at a 500kV substation with the National Transmission and Dispatch Company in Pakistan. During this time, I was introduced to various tools and techniques that were…...
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Aug 26, 2024 | By Muhammad Kashif
