Electrical Lectures
Learn How to Interpret Transformer Nameplate Information
As we all know, all substation equipment (should) have a metal plate with its “full name and address” on it. Here we’ll discuss transformer nameplate, precisely power and distribution transformers and information that their nameplates carry. A nameplate that provides… Read more
Mar 28, 2026 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
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Substation Equipment: From Type Testing to Factory and Site Acceptance Testing (FAT, SAT)
In power systems, reliability is not achieved by design alone. It is established through a structured process of verification, validation, inspection, and testing carried out at different stages of the equipment lifecycle. Whether the equipment is a power transformer, switchgear…...
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Mar 23, 2026 | By Muhammad Kashif
Energy and Power
Four Essential Engineering Studies for Selecting Overhead Conductors in Substations
Overhead conductors are widely used in electrical substations to interconnect primary equipment such as circuit breakers, disconnectors, current transformers, and busbars. Although these conductors often span relatively short distances compared to transmission lines, their selection remains a critical engineering task…. Read more
Mar 16, 2026 | By Thiseas Violantis
Energy Generation
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Connecting a Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) to the Grid: Design Issues and Warnings
Energy resources are the backbone of every country in the world. As we are currently witnessing the beginning of the world’s biggest energy crisis in the last 80 years, I believe that every country is now reviewing its energy capacities…...
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Mar 09, 2026 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
The Most Important Post-Installation Tests of a Gas-Insulated Substation (GIS)
This technical article explains some of the recommended and most important tests that MUST be performed on the Gas-Insulated Substation after the installation. Such tests are visual inspections, testing for control of cables, bus leakage and gas quality checks, main… Read more
Mar 02, 2026 | By Edvard Csanyi
Maintenance
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Substation Maintenance Transition Toward Clever Data-driven Asset Management
This article explores the complete spectrum of substation maintenance philosophies from Corrective and Preventive Maintenance to Predictive, Condition-Based, and ultimately Risk-Based Maintenance (RBM). It explains how each approach evolved, where it fits within modern substations, and how utilities can transition…...
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Feb 23, 2026 | By Muhammad Kashif
Electric Motor
Eleven Common Problems in Electric Motors and Their Remedy
Generally, electric motors are highly reliable (except when they’re not!) machines that require little maintenance. In practice, often even this little care is neglected, and problems with motors come ‘unexpected’ like a hurricane. Let’s discuss the eleven most common problems… Read more
Feb 16, 2026 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
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Field practice in moving from an old SCADA-based to a modern substation automation system (SAS)
This article gives a systematic and pragmatic look into Substation Automation Systems, dealing with the constraints of traditional (now old) SCADA-based substations and advancing to modern SAS systems. We’ll discuss the strong arguments and field practice in moving from hardwired automation,…...
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Feb 09, 2026 | By Muhammad Kashif
Electrical Lectures
Hands on schemes: Mechanical and electrical interlocking of feeders (to prevent parallel operation)
An industrial load with a connected load need above 2000 kVA usually requires multiple feeding transformers to restrict the system’s fault level. The fault level of an electrical network indicates the supply source’s capacity to withstand a faulty circuit, expressed… Read more
Feb 02, 2026 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
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Facing “As Built” substation drawings that barely match construction drawings
Have you experienced “As Built” substation drawings that significantly differ from the original documents provided by the engineer for construction? Diverse factors cause these modifications in the field. However, in almost all instances, modifications to the design in the field…...
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Jan 26, 2026 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Quality
Why Compliance to Harmonic Studies Is Now Mandatory for Modern Power Systems
Modern power systems are undergoing fundamental transformation. The rapid growth of inverter-based resources—such as battery energy storage systems (BESS), solar PV plants, wind farms, HVDC links, electric vehicle chargers, and power-electronic-dominated industrial loads—has significantly altered the harmonic behavior of electricity… Read more
Jan 19, 2026 | By Muhammad Kashif
Industrial Automation
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Cybersecurity of the Eight Most Used Industrial Protocols
The main goal in the industrial world is to prevent major disruptions in controlled processes, but protecting the information system and the data it contains is also an important concern. As a result, successful attacks can have catastrophic implications. Regardless…...
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Jan 12, 2026 | By Edvard Csanyi
Maintenance
A Case Study of Substation Temperature Monitoring System
The pilot project of installation the temperature monitoring system (researched, developed and manufactured by VTI) deployed at critical substations on the power system managed and operated by Vinh Phuc Power Company (a member of Northern Power Corporation – EVNNPC) in… Read more
Jan 05, 2026 | By Group of Authors
Power Substation
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Installation Precautions for Substation Secondary Equipment
The design of the high-voltage substation must include consideration for the safe operation and maintenance of the secondary equipment. The substation secondary systems are those systems which provide the functionality necessary to ensure safety of personnel engaged in operation of…...
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Dec 29, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Interesting Facts About the Eight Most Common Distribution Network Faults
There are numerous possible reasons for electrical power to go out. This story presents the interesting facts about the eight most common faults in the MV and LV distribution systems, which include vehicles hitting poles, trees touching or falling on… Read more
Dec 22, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi
