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Technical Articles

Power Substation

Mastering Distance Protection and Calculations Part 2: Never Mess Up Protection Accuracy

The first part of this article series delved into the fundamentals of overcurrent protection, exploring the intricacies of relay coordination, the impact of source impedance, and the application of distance protection. These foundational concepts laid the groundwork for understanding how…...

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Sep 23, 2024 | By

Mastering Distance Protection and Calculations Part 2: Arc Resistance, Impedances and CTs/VTs
Maintenance

Managing power transformers in service: The most important economic aspects

Utilities are under intense pressure to maximize the use of their current transformer asset base in order to keep rates down while yet providing excellent reliability. In order to achieve higher loading during both regular and emergency operations, long-standing loading…...

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Sep 16, 2024 | By

The most economic aspects of managing transformers that are in service
Power Substation

Mastering Distance Protection and Calculations Part 1: Advice and Serious Warnings

In 2004, I embarked on an intensive nine-month training program in protection and instrumentation. This experience laid the foundation for my deep understanding of substation protection systems, combining both theoretical knowledge and practical application. The first protection scheme we delved…...

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Sep 09, 2024 | By

Mastering Distance Protection and Calculations Part 1: Advice and Serious Warnings
Power Substation

Dos and don’ts in site testing and commissioning distribution and transmission plants

The objective of the site inspection and test plan for testing and commissioning is to establish a comprehensive framework for conducting site testing and commissioning activities. It’s as simple as that! The site testing and commissioning of a transmission or…...

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Sep 02, 2024 | By

Dos and dont's in site testing and commissioning distribution and transmission plants
Power Substation

Mechanical Check, Visual Inspection and Electrical Test of the Substation Grounding System (2)

At the beginning of my career in 2005, I had the opportunity to work at a 500kV substation with the National Transmission and Dispatch Company in Pakistan. During this time, I was introduced to various tools and techniques that were…...

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Aug 26, 2024 | By

Mechanical Check, Visual Inspection and Electrical Test of the Substation Grounding System (Part 2)
Power Substation

Mechanical Check, Visual Inspection and Electrical Test of the Substation Grounding System (1)

Substation earthing, or grounding, is essential for electrical safety and reliability in substations, which are critical nodes in the power distribution network. Proper earthing ensures safe dissipation of fault currents into the ground, preventing dangerous voltage build-ups that could cause…...

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Aug 12, 2024 | By

The Magic of Effective Substation Grounding and Much Less Equipment Trouble Later
Power Substation

The Challenging Job of an Electrical Commissioning Engineer (Activities and Real World Examples)

This article aims to cover the activity of electrical commissioning. Such a task in its entirety would be immense. Commissioning can mean many things in different instances. This article aims to give a philosophical and high level conceptual overview of…...

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Aug 05, 2024 | By

The Challenging Job of an Electrical Commissioning Engineer (Activities and Real World Examples)
Energy and Power

Handy earthing guidelines for true engineers

In the world of electrical engineering, ensuring the safety and reliability of power systems is paramount. A critical aspect of this is the proper implementation of earthing and bonding systems. This article delves into the fundamental concepts and applications of…...

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Jul 29, 2024 | By

Handy earthing guidelines for true engineers
Energy and Power

How (should) power utilities handle grid failures by utilizing mobile substations

Every nation has numerous vital facilities that are largely dependent on electricity to function. Infrastructures that are critical to a quick response to outages include the public health system, the communications sector, and government services like emergency first responders. Nonetheless,…...

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Jul 22, 2024 | By

How (should) power utilities handle grid failures by utilizing mobile substations
Power Substation

How to: Isolation, maintenance, and restoration of a 132kV GIS Transformer Bay and Line Bay

This article aims to provide a comprehensive guide to the standard operating procedures (SOPs) for the isolation, maintenance, and restoration of a 132kV GIS Transformer Bay and Line Bay. It will delve into detailed safety checks, specific steps to be…...

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Jul 15, 2024 | By

How to: Isolation, maintenance, and restoration of a 132kV GIS Transformer Bay and Line Bay
Power Substation

Dangerous threats that can compromise operation of modern digital substations and IEDs

Digital substations are pretty fragile in terms of various kinds of threats. Yes, they are advanced and have a vast number of highly effective protection and control features, but this time, we’ll talk about the threats that can possibly compromise…...

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Jul 08, 2024 | By

Dangerous threats that can compromise operation of modern digital substations and IEDs
Power Substation

Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for GIS Substations You MUST Fully Respect

This technical article delves into the necessity of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) at GIS substations, emphasizing the importance of meticulous documentation, regular review, and formal approval processes to ensure that all operational activities adhere to safety and performance standards. High-voltage…...

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Jun 24, 2024 | By

Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for GIS Substations You MUST Respect


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