A Closer Look at the Transformer Cooling Equipment
I’m sure that you are already aware of how important cooling is for a transformer’s lifespan. A rise of 55 to 65 degrees Celsius is the typical design for transformers. Modern insulations like Nomex make it possible to reach temperatures… Read more
Aug 04, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi
How to estimate transformer performance and characteristics
Assuming that you have a general understanding of transformer parameters and IEC Standards in use, this technical article is aimed at providing a variety of tools and data to make an educated assessment of the principal transformer performance ratings. Derived…...
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Jul 28, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi
Mistakes in generator protection that operators often make
Protecting a generator requires more than just a single relay. It’s a system that includes auxiliary relays, communication with SCADA or similar systems, wiring from CTs and PTs (sometimes called VTs), and protective relays, which can be standalone devices or… Read more
Jul 21, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi
Islanding in DER-Integrated Distribution Systems: Planning, Control, and Anti-Islanding Protection
The global energy landscape is undergoing a transformative shift, with Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) such as solar photovoltaics, wind turbines, battery energy storage systems, and controllable loads becoming increasingly prevalent in modern distribution networks. This article explores the planning, control,…...
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Jul 14, 2025 | By Muhammad Kashif
Are your switchgear and electrical room safe?
What is safe when it comes to an older electrical equipment and internal-arc flash in electrical room. Substation operators generally assume that with the covers and doors closed, the switchgear is in a totally safe work condition. This technical article… Read more
Jul 07, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi
What to expect from an old GIS, and what are the options for support and life extension
Every new GIS switchgear eventually gets old and obsolete at the end of its lifetime. Problems with GIS, as with every other switchgear type, typically start after the midpoint of the lifecycle. This is the point at which the end…...
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Jun 30, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi
Best Practice in Substation Oil Containment
Numerous firms in emerging sectors offer conceptual substation oil containment solutions that remain unproven yet have been deployed. This has resulted in several installations of containment systems that are functionally ineffective. There have been and continue to be assertions that… Read more
Jun 23, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi
Loading issue that seriously affects transformer operation
Before its on-site installation and commissioning, a transformer has been designed and tested to a particular specification or standard. In real life, a transformer must adapt to a number of variations from the standard operational criteria set down in these…...
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Jun 16, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi
Twelve power system studies obligatory for the designing the offshore AC substation
This technical article describes the offshore AC substation design studies that involve more than one component or even the complete system. This involves reliability, availability and maintenance issues as well as system properties like total substation power, reactive power management,… Read more
Jun 09, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi
The Problems of Modern Distribution Systems in the Age of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs)
The evolution of power distribution networks is being shaped by unprecedented growth in distributed energy resources (DERs), particularly rooftop solar and other inverter-based technologies. Traditionally designed for one-way power flow from substations to end-users, distribution systems are now experiencing reverse…...
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Jun 02, 2025 | By Muhammad Kashif
What is a Load Flow Study in Power Engineering
Load flow, sometimes known as power flow, are phrases that may be used interchangeably in power engineering. This term refers to a network solution that forecasts steady-state currents, voltages, and both real and reactive power flows across each branch and… Read more
May 26, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi
Behind upgrading the 50+ years old 132/11 kV substation
Let’s look at the 50+ years old 132/11 kV substation that needs refurbishing and uprating as an illustration of the complicated mix of concerns that need to be considered. It shows that there are more than just financial factors to…...
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May 19, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi
Why do power grid crashes and total blackouts happen?
Minimizing the likelihood of blackouts is of the highest importance due to the significant effects that would result from partial or total blackouts in highly industrialized nations. Additional difficulties have been and will be posed by the growing use of…...
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May 12, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi
Thermal conditions of electrical equipment and temperature monitoring
Loose connections or worn out contact surfaces are the root causes of electrical system conduction troubles. They cause a local temperature increase, which worsens the contact quality even further as the current increases. This causes thermal runaway, which damages the… Read more
May 05, 2025 | By Edvard Csanyi
Pitfalls hidden in determining transformer tank, bushings, insulation, and impedance
Managing specification and assests for large power transformers such as tank, bushings, insulation and short-circuit impedance is quite challenging. One mistake and you’re done! Power transformers play a real critical role in high-voltage transmission systems, providing strict voltage transformation, system…...
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Apr 28, 2025 | By Muhammad Kashif
