Energy and Power
4 important factors related to proper application of a LV circuit breaker
Consideration of all the factors related to proper application of a low-voltage circuit breaker goes beyond voltage, current, and interrupting rating. The performance of a specific type of circuit breaker… Read more
Oct 15, 2018 | By Edvard
Power Substation
The essentials of LV/MV/HV substation bus overcurrent and differential protection
The substation bus and switchgear are the parts of the power system used to direct the flow of power to various feeders and to isolate apparatus and circuits from the… Read more
Oct 10, 2018 | By Edvard
Medium Voltage
Standard tripping schemes and trip circuit supervision schemes for MV switchgear
Medium voltage switchgears are used for switching medium voltage loads through associated control, measuring, protective and regulating equipment. This operation also involves considerable manual intervention which therefore necessitates the fulfilment… Read more
Oct 08, 2018 | By Edvard
Power Substation ♛
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7 essential functions of a digital substation automation system (SAS)
As you already know, every power substation consists of a group of HV devices whose individual sizes depend on substation operation voltages, which is called the primary equipment, as well…...
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Oct 05, 2018 | By Edvard
Protection
Short circuit phenomenon you should understand
A short circuit in an electrical circuit is a part of the circuit that for some reasons has become “shorter” than it should be. The current in an electrical circuit… Read more
Oct 03, 2018 | By Edvard
Medium Voltage
Coordination analysis for a typical 13 kV distribution feeder of several lines
A typical 13 kV feeder of several lines at a distribution substation is shown in Figure 1. This is supplied from a 115 kV line through a 15/20/25 MVA transformer… Read more
Oct 01, 2018 | By Edvard
Power Substation
MV/LV transformer protection against temperature rise, overloads, short-circuit & overvoltages
When selecting the type of transformer correctly electrical engineer needs to know its different electrical and thermal properties and the resistance to stresses due to faults or normal service of… Read more
Sep 26, 2018 | By Edvard
High Voltage
Busbar protection schemes for distribution substations
Busbars play an important role in power transmission and distribution. They are employed as a central distribution point for all feeders. In the case of a fault, current on the… Read more
Sep 24, 2018 | By Edvard
Electric Motor
How to know if you set the correct current on a motor thermal overload relay
The full-load current at a given voltage indicated on the nameplate is normative for setting the overload relay. Because of the variable voltages around the world, motors for pumps are… Read more
Sep 19, 2018 | By Edvard
Monitoring
Secondary equipment you should always consider when retrofitting existing HV substation
This approach assumes retrofitting and upgrading old substation secondary equipment such as intelligent electronic devices (IEDs), monitoring sensors, power apparatus, communication protocol and operating standards to improve the overall performance… Read more
Sep 17, 2018 | By Edvard
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DC versus AC power transmission with reference to bulk-energy transfer
High voltage transmission systems has a dual purpose, i.e. system interconnection and bulk-energy transfer. With reference to system interconnection, the need to operate the whole system in perfect synchronism often…...
Premium Membership Required
This technical article/guide requires a Premium Membership. You can choose an annually based Plus, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical engineering guides, and papers. With EEP's premium membership, you get additional essence that enhances your knowledge and experience in low- medium- and high-voltage engineering fields.Check out each plan’s benefits and choose the membership plan that works best for you or your organization.
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Sep 14, 2018 | By Edvard
Protection
Relay settings and applying high-impedance differential busbar protection scheme
The most of HV busbur faults involve single phase and earth, but faults may arise from many different causes. The number of faults that stand out is between phases clear… Read more
Sep 12, 2018 | By Edvard
Electric Motor
Earth fault protection of an AC motor in four different earthing systems
One of the most common faults to occur on a motor is a stator winding fault. Whatever the initial form of the fault (phase phase, etc.) or the cause (cyclic… Read more
Sep 10, 2018 | By Edvard
Power Substation
Applying CTs in protection schemes for transformers, generators, machines etc.
Various types of instrument transformers are currently in use on the basis of the varied applications of these devices. The construction aspects and sizing play an important role in the… Read more
Sep 05, 2018 | By Edvard
Power Substation
The essentials of electrical distribution systems every engineer should know
Electrical distribution systems are an essential part of the electrical power system. In order to transfer electrical power from an alternating current (AC) or a direct current (DC) source to… Read more
Sep 03, 2018 | By Edvard
