Twelve doubts in ground testing that make electrical engineers pretty confused
Ground testing is often misunderstood by electrical engineers and technicians who do not perform such testing often and regularly. It seems that there are a lot of questions and doubts on testing the ground. This technical article, based on Transcat’s… Read more
May 06, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Why should plant engineers be worried about the power factor? What’s the catch?
Why are power engineers interested in plant power factor, what causes low power factor, and how can it be improved? The objectives of this article are to answer these questions briefly and to include handy application information for power-factor problems…. Read more
May 04, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Major components of the HVDC converter station (single line diagram explained)
This technical article examines in detail the main equipment of an HVDC converter station and discusses the layout of this equipment within the converter station. The interconnection of HVDC to the AC system is very complex, and nowadays are now… Read more
Apr 29, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
The essential HV/EHV substation auxiliary facilities you should know about
Nowadays, HV/EHV substations have become pretty complex from the design point of view. Besides the main electrical equipment, which must be designed and selected correctly, there are several auxiliary facilities without which a substation would not be able to operate…...
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Apr 27, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Five power quality devices that every commercial plant must have installed
Nowadays everybody speaks about power quality. For many reasons, I would say. Electrical energy is now polluted more than ever, and consumers are more sensitive to power disruptions and fluctuations than a small flower to the stronger wind. But, it… Read more
Apr 20, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Practical tips for the protection of generators and power transformers
There are usually several ways of protecting HV/MV generators and transformers. It should be noted that one protection relay is often used for several functions, for example, an overcurrent relay can be used for both overcurrent and earth fault protection…....
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Apr 17, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Switching devices you are likely to spot in every medium voltage switchgear
Up to and including 52 kV voltage range is generally referred to as “medium voltage”. This technical article shed some light on a few devices you are likely to spot in most of the medium voltage switchgear. But, before diving…...
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Apr 13, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Mastering single line and wiring diagrams: Using circuit breaker for MV power factor correction
Within this article, a custom-made cubicle intended for supply and protection of MV reactive power compensation block will be analyzed. Technical characteristics of major electrical components, together with three line and wiring diagrams, will be shown, while some specific aspects…...
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Apr 09, 2020 | By Miodrag Kokotovic
The essentials of power systems: Relay protection and communication systems
First, I would like to make a note that there are many essentials when we speak about power systems in general. The main relay protection functions (overcurrent, directional, differential, distance, etc.) and network communication systems (SCADA, RTUs, digital and analog… Read more
Apr 06, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Civil engineering in installation of substation buildings and switchboard rooms
What is the civil engineering of substation? The civil engineering includes a large quantity of information and details for the structural drawings required to design switchgear installations. The structural drawings are the basis for producing the structural design plans (foundation,… Read more
Apr 01, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Six less known phenomena that can cause disturbance in electrical installations
In addition to the known phenomena of lightning and switching, numerous new sources, in particular power converters, can cause disturbance in installations. This disturbance, which is generated by the installation itself or carried by the system from external sources or… Read more
Mar 30, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Mastering single line and wiring diagrams: MV earth fault protection
This technical article continues the series of articles dedicated to mastering single line and wiring diagrams of medium voltage switchgear. This time, the subject is the principle, and realization of earth fault protection applied to the same example switchgear used…...
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Mar 26, 2020 | By Miodrag Kokotovic
AC and DC facilities in electrical station services of major power plant types
In a power plant, the electrical station services (abbreviated to SS in the following) consist of all the DC facilities from 24 to 220 V and AC facilities up to about 20 kV for controlling and supplying power to the…...
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Mar 23, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
The art of determining the right cross-section of low voltage conductors
To be clear at the beginning of this article, determining the cross-section of conductors and cables is, for sure, not the most exciting part of electrical design. There are much more challenging and more exciting parts than staring at endless… Read more
Mar 16, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Learn how to interpret interlocking schemes between MV cubicles (single line and wiring diagrams)
There are numerous variations of MV switchgear topology, measurement, and control logic. However, there are also some basic rules related to these aspects which may be frequently seen in practice, with the purpose of increased safety and reliability during operation…....
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Mar 12, 2020 | By Miodrag Kokotovic