Power Substation
Improving the cybersecurity of substations using intrusion detection
Multiple layers are necessary to ensure the cybersecurity of substations. Cryptography allows authentication of devices, but not all attacks can be prevented with these measures. Firewalls and “air gaps” can be circumvented through existing remote access tunnels, or through maintenance… Read more
Nov 16, 2020 | By Andreas Klien
Protection
Ohmic relay applications for protecting power system, lines and generators
This class of relays was originally used to protect transmission lines and were believed to measure the distance from the relay location to a fault. Currently, several types are applied to power systems for protecting lines during faults, generators during… Read more
Nov 09, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electric Motor
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Mastering Motor Control Center (MCC): Wiring diagrams and equipment from zero to hero
Motor control center (MCC) was introduced back in 1937 to place different motor starters in one cabinet to save space. It is a modular cabinet that supplies and controls motors, which is usually a tailor-made assembly. Low-voltage MCCs can be…...
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Nov 02, 2020 | By Salem Alshahrani
High Voltage
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Testing and commissioning of MV/HV switchgear (wiring, final inspection and checks)
This article continues the series of articles dedicated to the erection, testing and commissioning of MV/HV switchgear by describing the most important precautions and recommendations in various procedures and steps. Starting from the wiring of low voltage command and signal…...
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Oct 28, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
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Guide to erection and commissioning of MV/HV switchgear (Inspection, installation and assembly)
Erection and commissioning of MV/HV switchgear are quite complex and full of tiny little details that can easily make your project slow down or even stop. Not to mention deadlines and penalties which are hanging over everybody’s heads involved in…...
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Oct 26, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
The facts about switchyards, incoming and outgoing feeder connections, CTs and VTs
What do you need to know about designing a switchyard? Well, to simplify, you need a lot and it’s not that simple. Switchyards need to be designed with respect to the foreseeable voltage stress, switching, breaking and short-circuit withstand capability,… Read more
Oct 21, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
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Why remote racking of LV/MV circuit breakers is a smart investment but so rare to see?
Circuit breaker racking is one of the most prominent exercises in the power system that exposes an operator to risk. A sudden malfunction during the racking process can induce catastrophic consequences to the operator and entire premises. Older breakers with…...
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Oct 19, 2020 | By Bishal Lamichhane
Protection
How primary feeder, distribution transformer, fuses and service operate in radial networks
As we already know, distribution transformers step down from the distribution or primary feeder voltage to the utilization voltage. They are connected to the primary feeder, sub-feeders, and laterals through primary fuses or fused cutouts. The primary fuse disconnects its… Read more
Oct 12, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
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13 terms concerning relaying, measurements, and breakers used by protection engineers
It’s not unusual to see graduates and engineers from other disciplines experience difficulties in properly interpreting the terminology used in applying relays, analyzing their performance, and designing protection systems. Actually, this is normal, but during the project, this lack makes…...
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Oct 07, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Medium Voltage
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Learn how to analyze MV switchgear wiring diagrams and single line diagram
The capability of reading different types of drawings is an essential skill to perform almost all of the engineering tasks. The engineering drawings form the building blocks of industry method to convey detailed information to implement, gather, troubleshoot, maintain, and…...
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Oct 05, 2020 | By Salem Alshahrani
Power Substation
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Hints on installation and commissioning power transformers (experience and recommendations)
Purchasing a power transformer for a project is always challenging for every electrical engineer dealing with the procurement. You could omit dozens of possible details from the final specification and get crucified by the company management if you accidentally forget…...
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Sep 28, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy Generation
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My experience in the first synchronization of the MV generator in an industrial plant
Any power plant commissioning, from small industrial GTG (Gas-To-Gasoline) to nuclear facility, will converge to a very final step before (provisional) commercial operation, sometimes empathized as “first kW”: synchronization to the local or national grid. This is in fact a…...
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Sep 21, 2020 | By Marco Bruschini
Energy and Power
Eight fuse characteristics you must consider when designing protection circuits
Fuses were the first type of protection to be used, and they still have a place in numerous applications. Although they do not have the flexibility of adjustment and resetting capacity of a circuit breaker, they are nevertheless reliable, high… Read more
Sep 16, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electric Motor
The essentials of electrical systems in cement plants
Many young engineers consider cement plants pretty complicated because of their weird technology. The reason probably lies in the fact that you cannot understand all those technologies unless you worked in such a plant and saw all processes from scratch…. Read more
Sep 14, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
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How to convert an old substation into a digital substation?
Typically, substations comprise power elements like power transformers, switches, busbars, etc. and control elements like protection units, metering units, RTUs, SCADA, etc. While the power elements are mandatory requirements, the control elements vary as per the function of a substation…...
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Sep 07, 2020 | By Bishal Lamichhane
