Protection
Protection impacts in the intentional islanding of Distributed Generation (DG)
Distributed Generation can potentially increase the distribution system reliability and provide additional technical and economical benefits by allowing intentional islanding or so called micro-grid operation of DGs. The current IEEE Standards (old IEEE 929 and new IEEE 1547) and UL… Read more
Sep 02, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electrical Lectures
The essentials of power-generation systems you MUST know in the middle of the night!
When we talk about the power system, there are dozen of essential terms and definitions. One of the most important is for sure that any AC power system begins with a generating source. Electric generators are devices that convert energy… Read more
Aug 31, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
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Substation and switchyard support structures for electrical equipment (you SHOULD know)
Substation and switchyard structures are used to support the above-grade components and electrical equipment such as cable bus, rigid bus, and strain bus conductors, switches, surge arresters, insulators, and other equipment. Substation and switchyard structures can be fabricated from latticed…...
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Aug 26, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Earth fault protection in a solidly (effectively) earthed high voltage power systems
The fault statistic shows that earth faults are the dominating fault type and therefore the earth fault protection is of main importance in a network. The type of earth fault protection used is dependent of the system earthing principle used…. Read more
Aug 24, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Metering
How to make the right selection of a digital transducer for power system measurements
The accurate measurement of the voltage, current or other parameter of a power system is a prerequisite to any form of control, ranging from automatic closed-loop control to the recording of data for statistical purposes. Measurement of these parameters can… Read more
Aug 19, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
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My experience in solving problems in the cracker plant using a high-speed bus transfer solution
Incoming power supply details: Two of 6.6kV voltage lines are connected to the cracker plant from the distribution substation through reactors. Captive power plant (electricity generation facility) consists of two 36MVA gas turbine generators, two 5MVA steam generators, and two…...
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Aug 17, 2020 | By Satish Nurukurthi
Energy and Power
Six differential stator-phase-fault protection (87) for all size generators (you MUST know)
Generally, phase faults at generators rarely occur, but when they do, large fault currents can flow and make a mess. The best protection is differential (ANSI 87), and this type is recommended for all generators, except maybe for small units… Read more
Aug 12, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electric Motor
Protection of three-phase motors from unbalance (loss of phase and phase rotation)
The most common cause of unbalance for three-phase motors is the loss of phase resulting from an open fuse, circuit breaker, connector, or damaged conductor. Unbalances in other connected loads can also affect the motor. A voltage unbalance of 3.5%… Read more
Aug 10, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Low Voltage
Secondary LV/MV distribution substations in a nutshell (connections and types)
The general method of supplying bulk power to buildings, factories or other complexes is by means of an MV supply, usually at 10 kV, occasionally at 6.6 kV. The installation comprises secondary distribution substation at the point of entry, with… Read more
Aug 05, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
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My practical experience in the electrical protection system of industrial generators
A functional protection system installed, commissioned, and maintained on critical equipment like an industrial generator is of high importance. As such, every protection system must have the ability to: accurately detect, discriminate and isolate, and timely disconnect any fault. Each…...
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Aug 03, 2020 | By Ezeala Winner
Medium Voltage
Installation guidelines for MV metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear (IEC 62271-200)
What does it mean ‘metal-enclosed switchgear’? Metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear are generally assembled from type-tested panels. As per IEC 62271-200 metal-enclosed switchgear installations must be designed so that their insulation capacity, degree of protection, current carrying capacity, switching capacity and… Read more
Jul 27, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
How system earthing keeps you and the network safe
The term “earthing” consists of several functions which only have “utilizing the earth” in common. Before describing the system earthing, it can be of interest to know a bit about the different types of earthing. Protective earthing is applicable mainly… Read more
Jul 22, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Low Voltage
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A case study of fault level calculations for a MV/LV network using direct method
This technical article represents the case study of fault level calculations for an MV/LV network using the direct method. There are many advantages of the direct approach, and the main of them is that it directly uses the system single…...
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This content is not available in your premium membership plan. Please upgrade your plan in order to access this content. You can choose an annually based Basic, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical engineering guides, and papers.With EEP's premium membership, you get additional essence that enhances your knowledge and experience in low- medium- and high-voltage engineering fields.
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Jul 19, 2020 | By Sivakumar K
Power Substation
Control system equipment that supervises, protects and controls the substation operation
The control system equipment in a substation is a vital part that supervises, protects and controls the transmission of electrical power. The increasing complexity in the substations of today, together with the increasing transmitted power and the increasing fault current… Read more
Jul 13, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
Protection coordination practices in distribution systems with distributed generation
Generally, in most of the countries that cover large area, there are three types of distribution systems: urban, suburban, and rural. Each type of them has its own features regarding the length of the backbone, types of protection devices used,… Read more
Jul 08, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
