Secondary LV/MV distribution substations in a nutshell (connections and types)
The general method of supplying bulk power to buildings, factories or other complexes is by means of an MV supply, usually at 10 kV, occasionally at 6.6 kV. The installation comprises secondary distribution substation at the point of entry, with… Read more
Aug 05, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
My practical experience in the electrical protection system of industrial generators
A functional protection system installed, commissioned, and maintained on critical equipment like an industrial generator is of high importance. As such, every protection system must have the ability to: accurately detect, discriminate and isolate, and timely disconnect any fault. Each…...
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Aug 03, 2020 | By Ezeala Winner
Installation guidelines for MV metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear (IEC 62271-200)
What does it mean ‘metal-enclosed switchgear’? Metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear are generally assembled from type-tested panels. As per IEC 62271-200 metal-enclosed switchgear installations must be designed so that their insulation capacity, degree of protection, current carrying capacity, switching capacity and… Read more
Jul 27, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
How system earthing keeps you and the network safe
The term “earthing” consists of several functions which only have “utilizing the earth” in common. Before describing the system earthing, it can be of interest to know a bit about the different types of earthing. Protective earthing is applicable mainly… Read more
Jul 22, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
A case study of fault level calculations for a MV/LV network using direct method
This technical article represents the case study of fault level calculations for an MV/LV network using the direct method. There are many advantages of the direct approach, and the main of them is that it directly uses the system single…...
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Jul 19, 2020 | By Sivakumar K
Control system equipment that supervises, protects and controls the substation operation
The control system equipment in a substation is a vital part that supervises, protects and controls the transmission of electrical power. The increasing complexity in the substations of today, together with the increasing transmitted power and the increasing fault current… Read more
Jul 13, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection coordination practices in distribution systems with distributed generation
Generally, in most of the countries that cover large area, there are three types of distribution systems: urban, suburban, and rural. Each type of them has its own features regarding the length of the backbone, types of protection devices used,… Read more
Jul 08, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
How to shrink three-phase AC high voltage substation and optimize cost and space
Nowadays, when every cent is essential when building a substation, it is imperative to optimize each HV equipment without compromising functionality. This technical article deals with a few solutions to optimize high voltage switchgear in terms of space and cost…. Read more
Jul 06, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
My experience and guidance in the design and electrification of a modern airport
The electrical systems for airports require proper quality installations and consideration for features usually not involved in other electrical installations. In this article, we will be discussing the general elements of electrical practices and facilities which have special significance for…...
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Jun 29, 2020 | By Bishal Lamichhane
Principles and schemes of busbar and breaker protection in MV/HV/EHV networks
A busbar protection is a protection to protect busbars at short-circuits and earth-faults. In the “childhood” of electricity no separate protection was used for the busbars. Nearby line protection were used as back-up for busbar protection. With increasing short-circuit power… Read more
Jun 24, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Primary rated values for medium voltage switchgear often mixed by engineers
It’s not unusual to see that engineers mix terms of primary ratings. If they are not understood well, yes, it’s possible to mix some of them. But it’s essential to differentiate them. This technical article will try to shed some…...
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Jun 22, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electrical insulation testing – Often underestimated until things go really bad
Due to mechanical damage, vibrations, (excessive) heat/cold, moisture/humidity, chemical influences and interactions and aging pinholes, cracks causes moisture and foreign matter to penetrate the surface of the insulation. They create a low resistance path which allows leakage current to flow… Read more
Jun 17, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
A real-life case study of relay coordination (step by step tutorial with analysis)
I would say that coordination is a TEAMWORK. In the protection context, it implies how the various protection devices in an electrical distribution network, work as a team, to achieve the common objective of power supply continuity, even in the…...
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This content is not available in your premium membership plan. Please upgrade your plan in order to access this content. You can choose an annually based Basic, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical engineering guides, and papers.With EEP's premium membership, you get additional essence that enhances your knowledge and experience in low- medium- and high-voltage engineering fields.
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Jun 15, 2020 | By Sivakumar K
Protection practice recommendations and relay schemes for transformer, bus and breaker failure
Protective relays are most often applied with other protective and auxiliary relays as a system rather than individually. The following basic scheme descriptions apply to electromechanical, static, and microprocessor relay systems. The static and microprocessor relay systems generally have more… Read more
Jun 06, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
The impact of interconnection transformer on the protection of the utility system with DG
Interconnection transformers are used to interface a distribution generation (DG) unit with an existing power system, and to provide the necessary isolation. Utilities recommend using an interconnection transformer to eliminate possible zero sequence or dc components in the generated voltages,… Read more
Jun 03, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
