Protection
The basic protection schemes for 4 typical transformer types in power system
The degree of transformer protection provided depends to a great extent upon the size and functional importance of the unit. A further important factor is the economic aspect. The cost… Read more
May 13, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Low Voltage
3 most important routine tests for successful verification of a low voltage switchgear
Individual tests or routine verifications are intended to check the essential safety aspects of LV assemblies that could be affected by hazards during mounting or possible manufacturing faults. In principle,… Read more
May 08, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electrical Lectures
Theorems and network reductions that every electrical engineer MUST know
Most practical power system problems are solved by using steady state analytical methods. These methods make the assumption that circuit parameters are linear, bilateral, and constant for constant frequency circuit… Read more
May 06, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Low Voltage
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How to make calculation for a distribution substation 10/0.4 kV, 2×1600 kVA
Distribution substations with an installed power of 2×1600 kVA are a typical example of electrical power supply facilities which can be often seen all around Europe and wider. By “calculation”…...
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May 02, 2019 | By Miodrag Kokotovic
Power Substation
The concept of redundancy in the power circuits
Generally speaking, distribution substations should be designed with redundancy allowing a portion of feeders to remain energized if any major component fails or is taken out of service for maintenance…. Read more
May 01, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy Generation
Internal electrical systems within nuclear power plant stations (power sources)
Electrical systems within a nuclear power plant (NPP) deserve significant design considerations. The availability of on-site as well as off-site power plays a crucial role in nuclear power plant safety… Read more
Apr 29, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
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Ultra-high voltage (UHV) AC gas insulated switchgear (GIS) for 1000kV and above
Ultra-high voltage (UHV) AC gas insulated switchgear (GIS) can correctly work only if all its internal components are properly assembled and the metal enclosure is filled with SF6 gas at…...
Premium Membership Required
This technical article/guide requires a Premium Membership. You can choose an annually based Plus, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical engineering guides, and papers. With EEP's premium membership, you get additional essence that enhances your knowledge and experience in low- medium- and high-voltage engineering fields.Check out each plan’s benefits and choose the membership plan that works best for you or your organization.
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Apr 25, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Spot network systems for distribution of electric power in downtown areas of cities
The AC secondary network system is the system that has been used for many years to distribute electric power in the high-density, downtown areas of cities, usually in the form… Read more
Apr 24, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
Three good examples of the application of modern relays to transformer protection
This technical article provides three examples of the application of modern relays to transformer protection. As there are many modern protection relays nowadays that provide advanced software to simplify the… Read more
Apr 22, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electrical Lectures
Single line diagrams of substations 66/11 kV and 11/0.4 kV (reading & analysis)
This technical article describes single line diagrams of two typical power substations 66/11 kV and 11/0.4 kV and their power flow, principles of incoming lines (incomers) and outgoing lines (feeders),… Read more
Apr 17, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electrical Lectures
Learn HV substation elements (graphic symbols, basics & connection schemes)
High voltage substations are pretty complex to understand since they have a way too many elements and each element is complex for itself and it depends on many system parameters… Read more
Apr 15, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Low Voltage
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Learn to read and understand single line diagrams and wiring diagrams
Single line diagrams are used in common engineering practice as graphical representation of electrical switchboard or assembly containing more sections, i.e. cubicles. Basically, they are simplified and digest picture of…...
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This technical article/guide requires a Premium Membership. You can choose an annually based Plus, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical engineering guides, and papers. With EEP's premium membership, you get additional essence that enhances your knowledge and experience in low- medium- and high-voltage engineering fields.Check out each plan’s benefits and choose the membership plan that works best for you or your organization.
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Apr 12, 2019 | By Miodrag Kokotovic
Energy and Power
Properly engineered and installed selective coordination between LV circuit breakers
It’s extremely important to work on selective coordination of circuit breakers in the design phase of a system. After switchboards, distribution panels, MCCs, lighting switchboards, etc. are installed, there typically… Read more
Apr 10, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Minimizing failure impact in distribution systems by allowing faults to clear themselves
Distribution systems are basically insecure – failure of a major component always leads to customer interruptions. So, what can be done? Reliable distribution systems minimize this impact by allowing faults… Read more
Apr 08, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Testing and Commissioning
7 routine tests for a dry-type transformer you should perform during commissioning
This technical article briefly describes seven very important tests you should perform during commissioning of a dry-type transformer. Usually tests are performed in the factory where transformers are produced. The… Read more
Apr 03, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
