Why substation equipment fails and why it’s wise to think of that much before failure
This technical article will try to shed some light on why and how electrical equipment fails and what’s happening before and during the failure of particular substation equipment like switchgear, power transformer, and cable installations. A deep understanding of all… Read more
Dec 09, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Notes in preparation of an MV/LV substation civil drawings and construction layout
MV/LV substations are not only a point of supply but also provide a means of network isolation in the event of faults or emergencies. In that manner, a detailed substation information and layout drawings are required for civil engineers to…...
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Dec 05, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Backup fault protection for generators in case of a failure at the generation station
It is a common practice to use the differential relay as primary fault protection for the generator. Backup fault protection is also highly recommended to protect the generator from the effects of faults that are not cleared because of failures… Read more
Dec 04, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Four special connections of current transformers in relay protection applications
As you should already know, current transformers are used for metering and relay protection purposes. When we are talking about current transformers used for metering, their performance is of interest during normal loading conditions. Metering transformers may have very significant… Read more
Dec 02, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Learn how to use PLC and VFD for pump control: Power and control circuits analysis
For the last several decades, every engineering task related to processing control is realized by the use of PLC (Programmable Logic Controller). If we are talking about induction motor control, which is the most common case, usually a VFD (Variable…...
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Nov 27, 2019 | By Miodrag Kokotovic
HV/EHV substation switching configurations, control and protection functions
The demand for power is growing rapidly due to increased industrial activities almost all across the world. Various generating sets of large ratings are being set up to meet this requirement. The generator, which is the source of power in… Read more
Nov 25, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Five substation building services that usually lack of proper design (and make troubles later)
This technical article introduces five main principles involved with substation control building and switchyard services that make a lot of trouble to substation crew if poorly designed. The article covers basic internal and external lighting design, heating, ventilation and air-conditioning…...
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Nov 20, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Medium voltage soft starter for heavy-duty motor control (operation and special applications)
A soft starter is an electronic motor controller used on three phase medium voltage squirrel cage induction motors. During motor starting, the soft starter controls the voltage or current supplied to the motor. Motor start performance is optimized by reducing… Read more
Nov 18, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
The wiring diagram and physical layout of the equipment inside the motor control centre
This article will provide a description of the most important equipment and working principle of a real case motor control centre (MCC). That is a usual name for a switchboard with the purpose of power supply and control of induction…...
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Nov 14, 2019 | By Miodrag Kokotovic
4 electrical quantities you MUST fully understand to select the right cast-resin transformer
This the basic question, but it’s important to start from the scratch. Well, distribution transformers link the MV to the LV system and step down the electrical power to be distributed to the intended low-voltage level (e.g. 400 V/230 V… Read more
Nov 13, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
12 on-site checks to inspect the transformer’s health
On-site inspection of the substation transformer usually exposes important condition changes and it initiates various suspicions that need to be investigated in detail. As with any other substation equipment, many things could go wrong during the transformer operation. For example,…...
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Nov 11, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
13 very important type tests of a low voltage switchgear carried out by the manufacturer
Certification of distribution assemblies is defined by international standard IEC 61439-1. This standard provides common rules that are recognized worldwide. Compliance with the standard is certified, depending on the country or market, by a declaration of the panel builder, the…...
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Nov 06, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
The essentials of an automatic changeover systems in medium voltage networks
In medium voltage distribution networks, it is important to maintain a high level of reliability. Industry relies on the continuous operation of critical plant, which requires no or little disruption to the electrical supply. There are various methods for building…...
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Nov 04, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Lessons I learned during the start-up of an MV switchgear
In the world of electrical engineering, a term start-up assumes all works which are necessary to be done for putting in operation already tested switchgear, as close as possible installed in position and ambient defined by design documentation and employer’s…...
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Oct 31, 2019 | By Miodrag Kokotovic
Reactive power compensation in electrical plants with generators
Compensation of reactive power applied in buildings or small facilities operates in the first and second quadrants of the coordinate system. Increasingly, complex industrial plants, for example plants burning wood dust, are using generators driven by steam engines running parallel… Read more
Oct 30, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
