Protection
Principles and applications of busbar protection schemes (you SHOULD know about)
In the olden days, the clearance of busbar faults was done by time-delayed distance relays or overcurrent relays, resulting in an extension of fault for a longer duration of time. In the present day’s networks, which are highly interconnected, having… Read more
Oct 28, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
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Power supply conceptual schemes for small, medium-sized and large industrial plants
This technical article presents preferred system structures and power supply concepts for small, medium-sized and large industrial plants that meet the different requirements for power demand and supply quality. For each plant size, Siemens’s LV/MV distribution switchgear and distribution transformer…...
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Oct 22, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Standard cubicle configurations for a medium voltage metal-enclosed switchgear
This technical article will shed some light on the standard design of medium voltage metal-enclosed switchgear cubicles in terms of enclosure configurations as well as the characteristics of busbar system. Article explains the following cubicles types: incomer feeder, direct incomer,… Read more
Oct 21, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
IED (Intelligent Electronic Device) advanced functions that make our life better
Intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) have been deployed extensively in power automation systems recently, and the shift from RTUs to IEDs is evident due to the integration and interoperability features of the IEDs. This technical article briefly explains the IED advanced… Read more
Oct 16, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Occurrence and detection of an earth fault in MV power systems with isolated neutral
The mode of operation of an MV industrial power system that is galvanically isolated from the public power supply is determined by the method of neutral earthing on the secondary side of the transfer transformer. The following methods of neutral… Read more
Oct 14, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
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Top ten software for electrical design, analysis and simulation of T&D networks
The importance of stability and maintaining the power quality of the electricity transmission and distribution (T&D) networks necessitates a thorough examination of all aspects of the design, analysis, and simulation of the transmission and distribution networks by all persons associated…...
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Oct 10, 2019 | By Ali Bahonar
Energy and Power
Medium voltage switches for isolation and earthing (applications and IEC 62271 ratings)
Medium voltage switches for use on 1-52kV indoor systems are predominantly used for isolation and earthing. Although the majority of these switches are air insulated, gas insulated (SF6) combination switches are available, which are designed for load and fault current… Read more
Oct 09, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
The art of achieving selectivity between incoming feeders connected in parallel
Calculating selectivity between incoming low voltage feeders connected in parallel is never an easy task. In parallel operation of two, three and more transformers on a common busbar, the partial short-circuit currents flowing in the individual incoming feeders add up… Read more
Oct 07, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Low Voltage
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Automatic transfer switch between three power sources (analysis of schemes)
When a switchboard can be supplied from two or more different sources, transfer between those sources can be done manually or automatically. This kind of configuration is usually designed when reliability and quality of power supply need to be provided…....
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Oct 03, 2019 | By Miodrag Kokotovic
Testing and Commissioning
Pre-commissioning checks and tests of high voltage current transformers (CTs)
Once erection is completed, various pre-commissioning checks and tests are performed to ensure the healthiness of the switchyard equipment prior to their energization. This technical article explains various major electrical tests applicable for current transformers (CTs). Let’s name these tests… Read more
Oct 02, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
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Good practice rules for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of LV conductors
The search for an overall optimization of the installation with regard to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and its ability to function without suffering or emitting excessive interference, comes via a set of good practices, which are often simple and based on…...
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Sep 30, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Maintenance
Protective grounding requirements for transmission and distribution lines
This technical article covers protective grounding requirements for steel tower and wood pole supported transmission and distribution lines, and insulated power cables. Protective grounds must be installed so all phases of lines or cable are visibly and effectively bonded together… Read more
Sep 25, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Low Voltage
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Things you MUST know when commissioning low voltage switchgear and circuit breakers
Purchasing low voltage switchgear is not that easy, it’s not like purchasing a new TV or laptop. You have to be very experienced and deadly serious when specifying and ordering LV switchgear, but also during the commissioning and testing. This…...
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Sep 23, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
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Why we find temperature so important everywhere in electrical engineering?
The purpose of this article is to underline and illustrate the importance of temperature for various aspects of electrical engineering. This is one of the crucial engineering issues from the very beginning in design and procurement stage, later during exploitation,…...
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Sep 20, 2019 | By Miodrag Kokotovic
High Voltage
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Major components you can spot while looking at HV/EHV GIS (Gas-insulated switchgear)
Gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) is a piece of high voltage equipment that is being constantly developed day by day. The basics of GIS technology is more or less the same, but everything else under the hood is improved a lot comparing…...
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Sep 18, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
