Measurements and Calculations Of Earth Electrode Systems (BS 7430)

System earthing involves the provision of a connection to the general mass of earth. This connection should have a resistance not greater than that required to operate safety mechanisms to… Read more

Feb 26, 2018 | Energy and Power

Meet the Real Heart of Power System Operations – The Transmission Control Center

Transmission control center is the real heart of every utility’s power system operations. Typical transmission control centers have three main desks – the generation, transmission and scheduling desk. Let’s take…...

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Feb 23, 2018 | Premium Content ♛

Losses in the power transmission system and short, medium and long line model analysis

Like all other power system systems, no matter how carefully the system is designed, losses are present and must be modeled before an accurate representation of the system response can… Read more

Feb 21, 2018 | Transformers

Essential considerations on the neutral and protective conductor in LV power system

The neutral conductor is a live conductor that is connected to the neutral point of the system and is able to contribute to the transmission of electric power. The neutral… Read more

Feb 19, 2018 | Energy and Power

AC Auxiliary Systems In Power Substations (Design Requirements and Equipment)

Substation AC auxiliary systems are typically used to supply loads such as transformer cooling, oil pumps, and load tap changers, circuit breaker air compressors and charging motors, outdoor device heaters,… Read more

Feb 14, 2018 | Power Substation

Earth Fault Protection On Insulated Networks and Petersen Coil Earthed Networks

There are situations when power system is run completely insulated from earth. The advantage of this is that a single phase-earth fault on the system does not cause any earth… Read more

Feb 12, 2018 | Energy and Power

5 Telecommunication Systems Embbeded In Smart Grid Applications and Services

Power utilities use telecommunication systems either as a support for grid assets’ operation or as the enabler for voice communications among operating staff. The main objective of utility telecommunications is…...

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Feb 09, 2018 | Premium Content ♛

The Essentials Of Numerical Relays, Their Features And Important Considerations

The distinction between digital and numerical relays is particular to Protection. Numerical relays are natural developments of digital relays due to advances in technology. They use one or more digital… Read more

Feb 07, 2018 | Protection

Four Special Differential Protections And Their Respective CT Requirements

Although the manufacturers of relays dedicated to differential protection impose the necessary CT secondary characteristics required for proper operation, it is useful, for understanding and avoiding errors, to possess minimum… Read more

Feb 05, 2018 | Energy and Power

Substation splitting and CB autoclosing for limitation of short-circuit currents

In this article, we describe method and technique of substation splitting and use of circuit breaker autoclosing that may be used for the control and limitation of the magnitude of…...

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Feb 02, 2018 | Premium Content ♛