Medium Voltage
MV distribution system design based on metal-clad drawout switchgear
Nowadays, system design engineers have a choice of many types of systems that may be used for a particular application. This discussion covers medium voltage distribution systems and their practical modifications. But first we will explain the basic primary /… Read more
Aug 05, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
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How not to select the wrong generator set (genset) for your application
Generator set is maybe the most expensive part you can find in a substation. Therefore, many factors must be considered when determining the proper size or electrical rating of an electrical power generator set. If wrong size or rate is…...
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Jul 31, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
The essentials of designing MV/LV single line diagrams (symbols & drawings analysis)
First of all, power system designers should always communicate their design requirements through a combination of drawings, schedules and technical specifications. One of the key tools in developing and documenting an electrical power system is the Single Line Diagram (shortened… Read more
Jul 29, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Medium Voltage
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Learn how to analyse and check wiring diagrams of a medium voltage switchgear
As already written earlier regarding the LV switchboard, wiring diagrams are used to show the control and signalization principle of operation inside the switchboard. Usually, they are given in form of electrical circuits between two lines which are representing control…...
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Jul 25, 2019 | By Miodrag Kokotovic
Protection
Practical implementation of the six most common transformer protection principles
This technical article relies on the previously published article (6 alarms coming from a substation transformer you MUST take very seriously), but is much more dedicated to the implementation of relay protection principles. You know that transformer is one of… Read more
Jul 24, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
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Six alarms coming from a substation transformer you MUST take very seriously
Transformers are the most expensive piece of apparatus in a power substation and therefore must have appropriate protection equipment installed to guard against various faults. This technical article explains a few internal transformer faults that make an alarm in a…...
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Jul 22, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Example of 33/11 kV substation on-site assessment report
This technical article presents the shorten version of the report of an on-site assessment at the 33/11 kV Shatt Al Arab substation built in Iraq back in 2005. The assessment covered all work completed at that time, so it wasn’t… Read more
Jul 17, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
Critical aspects of a distance non-unit relay protection (you should understand)
Non-unit protection consists of circuits that measure and compare the voltages and currents at the relaying point. It is able to determine the location of the fault from these values. It generally only responds to faults in one direction. Non-unit… Read more
Jul 15, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
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The magic I used to reduce harmonics in a plant (a real case study)
During the last several decades, the number and severity of electrical engineering problems caused by harmonic distortion have been significantly increased in both, domestic and industrial environments. This is mainly due to the increased number and larger ratings of nonlinear…...
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Jul 11, 2019 | By Miodrag Kokotovic
Energy Generation
Issues with distributed generation protection (bulk power and distributed generators)
Besides a number of benefits, there are some technical problems with relay protection of distributed generators. It turned out to be one of the most problematical technical issues since its malfunction could cause serious risk for people and components. Much… Read more
Jul 10, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Practical tips for installing surge protection devices in low voltage panel
In an electrical systems, surge protection devices (SPDs) are usually installed in tap-off configuration (in parallel) between the live conductors and the earth. The operating principle of SPD can be similar to that of a circuit breaker. In normal use… Read more
Jul 08, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
How harmonic filters prevent distortions in networks with high harmonic levels
The subject of this technical article are harmonic filters and their design. Filtering measures are recommended and may be required for electrical systems with too high harmonic levels. Filter circuits can absorb more harmonic currents. This means that, like reactor-protected… Read more
Jul 03, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Protection of pumped storage power plants using vacuum generator circuit breaker (VGCB)
The pumped storage power plants (PSPP) are one of the commercially proven methods available for grid-scale energy storage. Building additional PSPPs particularly in the areas with high installed capacities of wind parks and solar power plants will significantly improve the… Read more
Jul 01, 2019 | By Group Of Authors
Premium Content
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Lightning protection system – How much of design and material is really needed?
Within this article, an overview of fundamental principles regarding design and construction of lightning protection system (LPS) will be given. Relevant IEC 62305 standard will be used as a reference. Since this is very complex and detailed document, only basic…...
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Jun 28, 2019 | By Miodrag Kokotovic
Protection
Differential protection of a transmission line with digital communication via pilot wires
Wire connections have a limited transmission bandwidth (3.4 kHz in the case of telephone twisted pairs). In the past they were used for differential protection with analog (50 Hz) measured value comparison and for phase comparison protection by implementation of… Read more
Jun 26, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
