12 installation tips for implementing a good residual protection
All installations have an earth leakage current that is mainly due to the conductor’s capacitive leakage and to anti-parasitic or EMI filtering capacitors, for example class I equipment. The sum… Read more
Jun 02, 2017 | Energy and Power
8 typical transformer protection schemes with correctly selected relays
This technical article shows application hints for typical transformer protection schemes where SIPROTEC 4 relays are used. Let’s see the most typical transformer applications and their protection schemes: Small transformer infeed… Read more
May 31, 2017 | Protection
Generation of high voltages in the lab (AC/DC, switching and lightning impulse)
Benjamin Franklin – The man who dared to fly his kite in a thunder storm! In this technical article laboratory tests and test equipment needed to assess the performance of… Read more
May 29, 2017 | High Voltage
Generator stability and what happens when it’s out of step
Generators can really be described as the reason for being a power station. The operation of the turbine-generator system is second in criticality only to the operation of the nuclear…...
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May 27, 2017 | Premium Content ♛
Recommended maintenance practice for electric motors and generators
Motors are inherently highly reliable, requiring little routine maintenance. This remains true for most duties but may not be so where environmental conditions are aggressive, the starting duty is onerous,… Read more
May 25, 2017 | Electric Motor
Selecting the suitable frequency converter and motor for these 3 applications
The motor is selected according to the basic information about the process. Speed range, torque curves, ventilation method and motor loadability give guidelines for motor selection. Often it is worth… Read more
May 24, 2017 | Electric Motor
4 medium voltage switching equipment for primary substation installations
This technical article covers the medium voltage switching equipment intended mainly for primary substation installations. The target is to give some basic knowledge and difference between 4 main piece of… Read more
May 22, 2017 | Medium Voltage
Troubleshooting of a telemetry system (from RTU to the SCADA computer facilities)
This technical article reviews certain methodologies that may be followed for effective troubleshooting of a telemetry system from the digital or analog field input/output at the RTU to the computer… Read more
May 19, 2017 | Energy and Power
How to calculate number of steps & reactive power of the capacitor banks
Depending on the size of a compensation unit, it is assembled with capacitors of equal size (in bigger units) or of different size. A unit with a total reactive power… Read more
May 17, 2017 | Electrical Lectures
Auto-reclose schemes for re-energising the line after a fault trip
Faults on overhead lines fall into one of three categories: transient, semi-permanent and permanent. 80-90% of faults on any overhead line network are transient in nature. The remaining 10%-20% of… Read more
May 15, 2017 | Protection
Current sensors as the eyes of RCD and tips for their correct installation
All residual current devices are made up of at least two components. First component act as the eyes of RCD – sensors – must be able to supply an electrical signal… Read more
May 12, 2017 | Energy and Power
How to recognize harmonics symptoms – What to look for and where to look?
Finding harmonics problem is relatively easy once you know what to look for and where to look. Harmonics symptoms are usually anything but subtle. This technical article provides some basic… Read more
May 10, 2017 | Energy and Power
Sizing calculations for 20/3.3 kV, 12.5 MVA transformer feeder cable
Typical calculations for a 20kV transformer feeder cable are presented below. After correct cable voltage classification the following considerations apply: Current carrying capacity Short circuit rating Voltage drop Earth loop… Read more
May 08, 2017 | Cables
Dangerous magnetic field exposure near transformer substation in the building
Transformer substations located close to the living areas could induce high long-term exposures to extremely low frequency magnetic fields of nearby inhabitants. Some of the researches have shown increased risk… Read more
May 05, 2017 | Power Substation
The attached rod technique – better than fall-of-potential ground testing method
Fall-of-potential testing is extremely reliable, highly accurate, conforms to IEEE 81 and gives the operator complete control over the set-up. Unfortunately, it is exceedingly time consuming and labor intensive, and… Read more
May 03, 2017 | Energy and Power
