Power Substation
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Six alarms coming from a substation transformer you MUST take very seriously
Transformers are the most expensive piece of apparatus in a power substation and therefore must have appropriate protection equipment installed to guard against various faults. This technical article explains a few internal transformer faults that make an alarm in a…...
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Jul 22, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Example of 33/11 kV substation on-site assessment report
This technical article presents the shorten version of the report of an on-site assessment at the 33/11 kV Shatt Al Arab substation built in Iraq back in 2005. The assessment covered all work completed at that time, so it wasn’t… Read more
Jul 17, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
Critical aspects of a distance non-unit relay protection (you should understand)
Non-unit protection consists of circuits that measure and compare the voltages and currents at the relaying point. It is able to determine the location of the fault from these values. It generally only responds to faults in one direction. Non-unit… Read more
Jul 15, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
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The magic I used to reduce harmonics in a plant (a real case study)
During the last several decades, the number and severity of electrical engineering problems caused by harmonic distortion have been significantly increased in both, domestic and industrial environments. This is mainly due to the increased number and larger ratings of nonlinear…...
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This content is not available in your premium membership plan. Please upgrade your plan in order to access this content. You can choose an annually based Basic, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical engineering guides, and papers.With EEP's premium membership, you get additional essence that enhances your knowledge and experience in low- medium- and high-voltage engineering fields.
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Jul 11, 2019 | By Miodrag Kokotovic
Energy Generation
Issues with distributed generation protection (bulk power and distributed generators)
Besides a number of benefits, there are some technical problems with relay protection of distributed generators. It turned out to be one of the most problematical technical issues since its malfunction could cause serious risk for people and components. Much… Read more
Jul 10, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Practical tips for installing surge protection devices in low voltage panel
In an electrical systems, surge protection devices (SPDs) are usually installed in tap-off configuration (in parallel) between the live conductors and the earth. The operating principle of SPD can be similar to that of a circuit breaker. In normal use… Read more
Jul 08, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
How harmonic filters prevent distortions in networks with high harmonic levels
The subject of this technical article are harmonic filters and their design. Filtering measures are recommended and may be required for electrical systems with too high harmonic levels. Filter circuits can absorb more harmonic currents. This means that, like reactor-protected… Read more
Jul 03, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Protection of pumped storage power plants using vacuum generator circuit breaker (VGCB)
The pumped storage power plants (PSPP) are one of the commercially proven methods available for grid-scale energy storage. Building additional PSPPs particularly in the areas with high installed capacities of wind parks and solar power plants will significantly improve the… Read more
Jul 01, 2019 | By Group Of Authors
Premium Content
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Lightning protection system – How much of design and material is really needed?
Within this article, an overview of fundamental principles regarding design and construction of lightning protection system (LPS) will be given. Relevant IEC 62305 standard will be used as a reference. Since this is very complex and detailed document, only basic…...
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This content is not available in your premium membership plan. Please upgrade your plan in order to access this content. You can choose an annually based Basic, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical engineering guides, and papers.With EEP's premium membership, you get additional essence that enhances your knowledge and experience in low- medium- and high-voltage engineering fields.
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Jun 28, 2019 | By Miodrag Kokotovic
Protection
Differential protection of a transmission line with digital communication via pilot wires
Wire connections have a limited transmission bandwidth (3.4 kHz in the case of telephone twisted pairs). In the past they were used for differential protection with analog (50 Hz) measured value comparison and for phase comparison protection by implementation of… Read more
Jun 26, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
MV/LV transformers – The most common power supply in low voltage networks
The general term power supply in LV networks refers to the supply of electrical energy. The power supply, and more generally the different supplies, are provided by sources (mains supply, batteries, generator sets, etc.) which can be MV/LV transformers, diesel… Read more
Jun 24, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
Fuses as the oldest and simplest method of protecting rural distribution systems
Fuses are the oldest and simplest methods of protecting rural networks. There is no method as simple as fuses, but don’t be tricked, modern fuses are very reliable devices. All they need is a good discrimination achieved to be almost… Read more
Jun 19, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
Using earth & phase directional protection where power flow direction might change
Directional protection relay is often used in all network parts in which the direction of flow of power might change, notably in the instance of a short circuit between phases or of an earthing fault (single phase fault). Directional protection… Read more
Jun 17, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Low Voltage
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The most important precautions during commissioning and start up of LV switchgear
Low voltage switchgear can often be a very complex and expensive piece of electrical equipment, usually representing one of the most critical and crucial parts of the project. In order to ensure that such important equipment is designed and will…...
Membership Upgrade Required
This content is not available in your premium membership plan. Please upgrade your plan in order to access this content. You can choose an annually based Basic, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical engineering guides, and papers.With EEP's premium membership, you get additional essence that enhances your knowledge and experience in low- medium- and high-voltage engineering fields.
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Jun 13, 2019 | By Miodrag Kokotovic
Energy Generation
Typical electrical distribution scheme and SCADA system of an oil/gas production plant
Power can be provided from mains power or from local gas turbines or diesel generator sets. Large facilities have high power demands, from 30 MW and upwards to several hundred MW. There is a tendency to generate electric power centrally… Read more
Jun 12, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
