How harmonic filters prevent distortions in networks with high harmonic levels
The subject of this technical article are harmonic filters and their design. Filtering measures are recommended and may be required for electrical systems with too high harmonic levels. Filter circuits can absorb more harmonic currents. This means that, like reactor-protected… Read more
Jul 03, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection of pumped storage power plants using vacuum generator circuit breaker (VGCB)
The pumped storage power plants (PSPP) are one of the commercially proven methods available for grid-scale energy storage. Building additional PSPPs particularly in the areas with high installed capacities of wind parks and solar power plants will significantly improve the… Read more
Jul 01, 2019 | By Group Of Authors
Lightning protection system – How much of design and material is really needed?
Within this article, an overview of fundamental principles regarding design and construction of lightning protection system (LPS) will be given. Relevant IEC 62305 standard will be used as a reference. Since this is very complex and detailed document, only basic…...
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Jun 28, 2019 | By Miodrag Kokotovic
Differential protection of a transmission line with digital communication via pilot wires
Wire connections have a limited transmission bandwidth (3.4 kHz in the case of telephone twisted pairs). In the past they were used for differential protection with analog (50 Hz) measured value comparison and for phase comparison protection by implementation of… Read more
Jun 26, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
MV/LV transformers – The most common power supply in low voltage networks
The general term power supply in LV networks refers to the supply of electrical energy. The power supply, and more generally the different supplies, are provided by sources (mains supply, batteries, generator sets, etc.) which can be MV/LV transformers, diesel… Read more
Jun 24, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Fuses as the oldest and simplest method of protecting rural distribution systems
Fuses are the oldest and simplest methods of protecting rural networks. There is no method as simple as fuses, but don’t be tricked, modern fuses are very reliable devices. All they need is a good discrimination achieved to be almost… Read more
Jun 19, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Using earth & phase directional protection where power flow direction might change
Directional protection relay is often used in all network parts in which the direction of flow of power might change, notably in the instance of a short circuit between phases or of an earthing fault (single phase fault). Directional protection… Read more
Jun 17, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
The most important precautions during commissioning and start up of LV switchgear
Low voltage switchgear can often be a very complex and expensive piece of electrical equipment, usually representing one of the most critical and crucial parts of the project. In order to ensure that such important equipment is designed and will…...
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Jun 13, 2019 | By Miodrag Kokotovic
Typical electrical distribution scheme and SCADA system of an oil/gas production plant
Power can be provided from mains power or from local gas turbines or diesel generator sets. Large facilities have high power demands, from 30 MW and upwards to several hundred MW. There is a tendency to generate electric power centrally… Read more
Jun 12, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Major components you can spot while looking at opened LV and MV switchboards
Depending on the size of the building or factory site and whether the supply is high voltage or low voltage, there may be requirements for both a main high voltage switchboard and one or more low voltage switchboards or just…...
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Jun 10, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Fire behaviour and construction safety precautions for installation of cables and conductors
Although the type of cable and conductor is the determining factor in the fire behaviour of ducts and conduits, the choice of cable tray type and the installation of the latter in line with installation precautions are just as crucial…. Read more
Jun 05, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
What is the unit protection and why it’s widely used in transmission networks
The whole power system must be protected. This is achieved by dividing it into overlapping zones. If a fault occurs in a particular zone, only the protection system covering that zone should operate. Those systems relating to other zones should… Read more
Jun 03, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Eight common mistakes in reading and creating single line and wiring diagrams
In order to create a consistent and technically correct single line or wiring diagram, more than basic knowledge about the engineering field in question is required. Besides electrical installation and equipment, the design engineers should be familiar with electrical symbols…...
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This content is not available in your premium membership plan. Please upgrade your plan in order to access this content. You can choose an annually based Basic, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical engineering guides, and papers.With EEP's premium membership, you get additional essence that enhances your knowledge and experience in low- medium- and high-voltage engineering fields.
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May 30, 2019 | By Miodrag Kokotovic
Integration of IEC 61850 in power plant automation, control, and protection systems
IEC 61850 is much more than a protocol. The general scope of the standard is designed to support the communication of all functions being performed in a substation. Its main goal is interoperability and this is the ability for IEDs… Read more
May 29, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Solving the architectural and reliability puzzle of a protection and control system
This technical article discusses some of the basics of protection and control as successfully used for decades. Majority of these general requirements will have to be retained by new communication-based solutions. It is important to distinguish between the key need,… Read more
May 27, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
